Why Does Coffee Make You Poop

Your morning cup of coffee can jumpstart your day, but it may also send you on a beeline for the bathroom, both to pee and possibly to poop. Whether you experience the diuretic effect (you need to urinate) or colon-stimulating effect (you have a bowel movement) depends on your personal biochemistry and whether youre a regular coffee-drinker or not. Heres what scientists know. How Coffee Relates to Poop A study published in the gastroenterology journal Gut verified some people experience colon stimulation within minutes of consuming a cup of coffee. Not everyone reacts this way, so if you dont drink a cup of joe in the morning to get started in that manner, youre not alone. But for those of you for whom coffee does make you poop, how does it work? Scientists arent quite certain, but have ruled out some possibilities and identified other explanations. First, its probably not the stimulating effects of caffeine, since the laxative effect is seen with decaf as well as high-octane joe. Coffee promotes the release of the hormone gastrin, which stimulates the secretion of gastric juice and increases colonic motor activity. Activating the colon  may stimulate peristalsis, leading to the purgative effect. Is Coffee a Diuretic? The caffeine in coffee is a stimulant. Generally, stimulants increase urine production.  If coffee acts as a diuretic, drinking it will make you need to urinate more frequently, dehydrating you slightly. Dehydration can lead to constipation, which is the opposite of what some coffee drinkers experience. However, coffee isnt necessarily a diuretic! A 2003 study published in the  Journal of Human Nutrition and  Dietetics found that regular coffee drinkers develop a tolerance to the effect and dont excrete more urine, even if they drink 2-3 cups of coffee per day. So, if coffee doesnt act as a diuretic for you, you may be more susceptible to the laxative effect of the brew. Another factor could be psychological since bodily functions tend to adapt to a daily pattern. Thus, if you always start your day with a cup of coffee and a bathroom break, your physiology may become accustomed to the routine. However it works, scientists have verified coffees biochemical ability to send people to the toilet, just not necessarily  for the same reason as each other.

The Impact Of Scientific Research On The Development And...

1. While trying to define what research really is, it proves itself to be a very broad and open concept (Shuttleworth, 2008). Shuttleworth (2008) says, â€Å"†¦the definition of research includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge.† (p. 1). Things like reading books, surfing the web, and watching the news are all forms of research (Shuttleworth, 2008). On the other hand, the scientific definition for research is more planned and concise (Shuttleworth, 2008). Research within science involves solving and or answering a specific problem (Shuttleworth, 2008). 2. Social and scientific research is important in the development and advancement of society (University). In scientific research, the experiment and variables are more controlled and systematically tested where as social research is dynamic and harder to control variables (University). Scientific research involves solving and or answering a specific problem in some systematic way, the scientific method (Shuttleworth, 2008). 3. Applied and basic research does have key differences (Stanovich, 2007). In applied research is to find a specific answer to a specific answer (Stanovich, 2007). Basic research adheres to its own name focuses on â€Å"basic† principles and theories (Stanovich, 2007). Both of these research methods are similar within the aspect of their long time goal (Stanovich, 2007). Basic and applied research has proved to create important breakthroughs within scienceShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On The Development Of Civilization1407 Words   |  6 Pagescontemporary society, science has played a more pivotal role than technology in the development of civilization. The purpose of science is to develop a vast breadth and depth of data and knowledge to enable us to understand why things are the way they are (Oberdan 26). On the other hand, technology is used to improve real problems based on justified beliefs and organizational systems (Oberdan 28). Without the knowledge and un derstanding of science, innovation would be lessened and society would notRead MoreThe Natural Sciences And The Arts1179 Words   |  5 PagesPeople often argue about what constitutes progress, and things that some regard as progress other consider to not be progress at all. In my opinion it is the development towards an improved or more advanced condition. However what I perceive something to be could be biased due to my beliefs and value system, this is a limitation which must be considered when discussing progress in reference to the natural sciences and the arts. Reason and imagination play an important role in both understanding andRead MoreThe Benefits of Space Exploration Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pages Curiosity has played an integral role in the advancement of the human species. From the discovery of fire by ancient ancestors to modern space explorations, it has been curiosity and the pursuit for a better future that has made humanity explore and innovate. Ho wever, exploration and innovation has never come without sacrifice. In regards to modern space exploration, the efforts to explore the universe has had negative effects including the loss of 18 human lives as of 2005 (CBS NewsRead MoreScientific Ethics Of Scientific Science Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesScientific responsibility can be described as the duties or obligations are scientist or researcher has when conducting his or her research. Science relies on objective methods to gather empirical data without the interference of subjectivity or other factors affecting the results obtained. Science is an extremely important tool for humanity as the discoveries made in the scientific community can greatly impact the lives of individuals through advancements in therapies to novel drug discoveries.Read MoreA Pre Printing Press Increase And Interest1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe saturation of texts within Europe which transformed society is not greatly comparable to the limited initial introduction. While factors such as religious discontent, an early increase in textual access, and the charismatic figurehead of Luther were of great consequence, it appears the introduction of the printing press enabled such an extent of reform which some view as inevitable. 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The impact of scientific research on medicine and farming improved the way of life and gaveRead MoreCoe of Ethics1625 Words   |  7 PagesEthic Paper There are many healthcare organizations that follow their own mission with ethical values and company goals. The American Association for the Advancement of Science follows the mission statement of â€Å"advance science engineering, and innovations throughout the world for the benefit of all people.† (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2015) By following company goals, this statement can be reinforced. What are the organization’s goals and how are they tied to its ethicalRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1101 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering brings about great and marvelous things, yet it raised many ethical issues. Some encourage research, while others oppose against such a bizarre idea. Their arguments revolve around impacts on the environment, humans, and social values. This paper seeks to give an account of these issues and present a possible moral compromise. Ecological problems may be caused when genetically engineered species are introduced. It may offset the natural balance of a system and may even lead to

The novel Huck Finn takes a strange approach to dealing with money Free Essays

The novel Huck Finn takes a strange approach to dealing with money. It’s not a work that simply promotes a trite theme prevalent among other great novels: Money is not important in this life as some intangible matters (freedom, morality, etc. ) and that wealth has nothing to do with how happy one’s life is. We will write a custom essay sample on The novel Huck Finn takes a strange approach to dealing with money or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mark Twain did not place a character that could serve as an avatar of social prominence, wealth, and misery despite achieving the two (e. g. Estella in Great Expectations). Most of the people in Huck Finn are either dirt poor or middle class townspeople. Nonetheless, money still has a starring role in the novel, for a character’s relationship to money and how far he would go to become rich determines what kind of person he is. Huck Finn proved that money has never made a person happy and it never will, for there is nothing about the nature of money that can bring one joy. The more one has, the more one wants. Instead of filling a vacuum, it creates one. The main characters in the book are â€Å"have-nots†. But they can be further divided into categories based upon the extent to which they value money: People like the Duke and the Dauphin have created a vacuum inside themselves, an bottomless pit that all the riches in the world couldn’t fill. In stark contrast to the two is Huckleberry Finn, who knows that it takes more than money to make a man rich. Huck Finn â€Å"can’t stand† hypocrisy, greed and â€Å"sivilz’ation†. Twain seems to suggest that the uncivilized way of life is better: he draws upon the ideas of Rousseau in his belief that civilization corrupts, rather than improves human beings. Huck has had very little contact with society, and Twain implies that it is this lack of â€Å"civilizing† that has allowed him to remain so free of greed. The Watson sisters are considered by the people of their town to be upstanding citizens, yet they had few qualms about auctioning Jim off. Huck was much poorer than the Watsons were, but no matter how badly he needed money, he would never consider selling Jim, or turning him in for the reward. In addition, during the Wilks sisters incident, he had several chances just to grab the loot and leave. If he was of mediocre morality, he might leave some of the money for the girls before running off to the territories, never to be heard from again. However, as we know, Huck, instead of making himself wealthier, puts his own life at risk to save the girls. Altruistic actions like those aforementioned are what sets Huck apart from the archetypal â€Å"good guy†. He is so far removed from human nature’s desire to do what’s best for oneself that he seems almost unrealistic. Nevertheless, perhaps that is Twain’s way of illustrating how wonderful a boy could be without society’s corrupting influence: Huck’s upbringing (or lack thereof) has led him to the conclusion that money is a luxury, rather than a necessity. He is one of the few characters in the book who is truly rich–he has everything that money can’t buy, and he knows the value of those things. Huck is obviously the hero of the story, and displays no sing of covetousness whatsoever. However, there are other characters in the novel who are far better people than the Duke and the Dauphin, but are still not as free of corruption as Huck, who serves as an the epitome of magnanimity. Two of these less-than-perfect characters are the Widow, and her sister, Miss Watson. The Watson sisters were certainly kind to take in a loutish waif; doing so could not have contributed to the serenity of their household, nor could it have helped their financial situation. However, their image as compassionate, charitable old ladies is marred when Miss Watson decided to sell Jim down to New Orleans, and the widow agreed to let her. Since they had no reservations about tearing a man from his family for a few hundred dollars, they are obviously not the â€Å"good Christians† that they proclaim to be at heart. However, the sisters were partially redeemed when Miss Watson set Jim free in her will: one would have a hard time imagining such and action coming from the Duke or the Dauphin. Therefore, the Watson sisters are several tiers above them, and can be regarded as examples of the typical person, who is basically good at the core, but who cannot perceive and amend the ethical shortcomings of a defective society. Another person in the novel who is rather fond of money, but has a good heart despite his desire for capital, is Jim. He exhibited something akin to avarice when, near the beginning of the novel, he asked Huck to pay his hairball a quarter in order for it to reveal Huck’s future. This covetousness reappears when Jim arrives on Huck’s island, and talks of nothing but money for several days. However, Jim’s greed is quite different from the pure, sickening type exhibited by the Duke and the Dauphin. Jim sees money as equivalent to freedom: with money, he can buy his own freedom and that of his family. Money also would allow him to live like a white person, thus raising his status in the society. In short, Jim does not want money for money’s sake; rather, he sees capital as a way to correct the injustices thrust upon him by society. Therefore, throughout the novel, Jim constantly tries to get money, whereas Huck takes an fairly apathetic attitude towards the subject. In stark contrast to both the innately moral Huck Finn and the â€Å"civilized† people of the time stand the Duke and the Dauphin. They are not your average con men: they are beneath than the worst rascals, for they will stop at nothing to obtain money. They are utterly shameless, and possess none of the honor and mercy that God supposedly granted all human beings at birth. When they produced the Royal Nonesuch show and used the weaknesses of â€Å"small town America† to rake in money, it was a low thing to do, but the scam didn’t hurt anyone significantly. When the King convinced a devout religious community to take up a collection for him so that he could go back to the Indian ocean to â€Å"turn pirates into the true path†, the prank is more ignominious than the last because he played the faith of gracious people. But truly ignoble is the way in which the Duke and the Dauphin posed as the uncles of the Wilks sisters and almost made off with the entire fortune without leaving a cent for their â€Å"nieces†. Only with Huck’s intervenence were the â€Å"sweet girls† saved from the amoral swindlers. This time, the Duke and the Dauphin really proved themselves avaricious and heartless, perhaps almost sub-human. From their former scams, they already had enough of money for a comfortable lifestyle, so they could not even use necessity as an excuse to bilk the Wilks. Also, this last scandal truly hurt people, and had it been successfully pulled of, the girls would have been bereft not only financially, but emotionally as well. Not yet mentioned is their selling of Jim after failing to run off with the Wilks’ fortune, which was particularly disgusting not only because they were betraying a companion, but also because Jim wasn’t their â€Å"property† to peddle in the first place. All of these incidents prove that once a man has devoted himself to the pursuit of money, he will have destroyed his heart. He will no longer be capable of enjoying life, for he will have lost all respect for all of humanity, which includes himself. Even if the Duke and the Dauphin had become rich, they could never be happy for they cannot enjoy any of the things that make life worth living (e. g. love, friendship, etc. ). All in all, the simplest moral of the book may be that money corrupts. People like the Duke and the Dauphin have become possessed by their desire for money. The void hole inside of them was carved out by their voracity and it has replaced their heart, soul and character. Like a black hole, it sucks in everything that enters, yet can never be full. Therefore, despite their success at trickery, the Duke and the Dauphin will never be as truly rich of a person as Huck Finn is. When the pair of swindlers are tarred, feathered and driven from town â€Å"astraddle of a rail†, the readers realizes that the pursuit of money cannot lead one to a good end. The theme of money was threaded throughout the novel not only to convey a moral to its audience, but also to highlight the differences between the characters: it revealed how deeply the root of all evil had taken root in each man’s heart. How to cite The novel Huck Finn takes a strange approach to dealing with money, Papers

Corporate Governance and Shareholder Litigation †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Shareholder Litigation. Answer: Introduction: The general rule of law that is applicable in the present case provides that the articles of Association of company bind the members of the company as well as the members themselves. Therefore, it can be said that the articles amount to a contract that has been. The company and its members regarding the rights and liabilities imposed on members of a corporation. As a result, the law allows a member the company the same way as the company may sue the members in order to enforce or restrain a breach of the articles. Therefore the law provides that the company is bound to its members to all of the articles (Crosling and Murphy, 2009). On the other hand, if there is a breach of the articles by the company, in such a case the members can restrain the company and for this purpose may bring an injunction against the corporation. These provisions have also been given effect by the corporations law. As a result, it has been provided by section 140 of the of the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) th at the effect of the Constitution of the company can be described as a contract under seal that has been created between (i) the company and each member of the company (ii) The company and its directors, as well as the company secretary, and also (iii) The members of the companies themselves. Regarding the contractual effect of Constitution of the company, it needs to be noted that this effect is restricted to certain conditions. Therefore, the common law does not provide any rights to any other person in any other capacity (Shapira, 2003). An example of the situation was seen in Eley v Positive Life Assurance Co Ltd (1876). In this case, the company has appointed Eley as its solicitor for life. However, later on, he also became a member of the corporation. His appointment as the solicitor of the company was also mentioned in the articles of Association of company. Ultimately, Eley was removed from his position as the company's solicitor. Under these circumstances, he decided to the company for the breach of contract. It was held by the court that no rights were conferred on Eley as a result of the articles of company, in any capacity, other than his capacity as a member of the company (Ramsay, 1992). The reason that these eyes have not been affected, the court stated that the action cannot succeed. Under the common law, the articles of Association of the company are considered as a contract that has been created between the company and its members. This view was also been codified by section 140(1)(a). In the same way, an example of the position in this regard under the common law can be given in the form of Hickman v Kent or Romney Marsh Sheep-breeders Association (1915). In this case, it was mentioned in the articles of Association of the company that in case of a dispute between the members and the company, but this needs to be referred to arbitration before initiating court proceedings. However, Hickman, directly initiated court action without referring t he matter to an arbitrator. As a result, the company proved to be successful in obtaining a stay of these proceedings. It was held by the court that the memorandum and the articles of Association of the company amounted to a contract created between the company and each of its members. Such contract in the enforced by the company as well as by the members. Therefore, it was stated by the court that when certain rights are purported to be given to an outsider in his capacity as such, whether the person subsequently becomes a member, such outsider cannot sue the company on the basis of these articles, considering them a contract between the person and the company in order to enforce these rights (James, 2013). Therefore the law provides that no rights can be enforced against the company, if such right is purported to be conferred on such person by any article of the company, whether the person is a member or not, and in any press the other than as a member of the company, for example as a solicitor, director or promoter. Under these circumstances, it can be concluded that Max cannot enforce the laws that this was when the Constitution of Chocolate Cleaning Products Pty Ltd. and according to which, Max will remain the solicitor of the company for life and he cannot be removed except in case of negligence. The reason behind this conclusion is that in this case Max wants to enforce the clause in his capacity other than the member of the company. Max is not going to enforce the clause as a member of the company but he wants to enforce the laws in his position as the company's solicitor. Hence, in such a case, it cannot be considered as a contract between the company and Max. Therefore, Max cannot enforce the clause mentioned in the Constitution of Chocolate Cleaning Products Pty Ltd. The issue in this question is if Max can prevent the company from including a clause which allows the directors to expropriate his shares, although a special resolution has been passed by the other shareholders. There are certain rules present in the corporations law that have been developed with a view to protect the minority members of the company in case they have to face oppressive conduct. The term minority oppression includes the conduct that is governed by section 232 of the Corporations Act. In order to deal with such conduct, the courts have been given extensive powers so that really may be provided to a shareholder was to deal with oppressive conduct (Whincop, 2001). Oppressive conduct takes place, for example, when the affairs of the company, including any proposed or real act or omission or resolution takes place in such a way that is against the interests of the shareholders of the corporation as a whole or if the conduct can be described as oppressive, discriminatory or prejudicial against the shareholder. Under these circumstances, section 232 of Corporations Act deals with the conduct of the directors due to which the minority shareholders may have to face commercial unfairness. The provisions of section 232 are wide enough and no restrictions have been placed on what may be considered as oppressive conduct. For the purpose of finding out if the conduct can be described as a process, the courts apply an objective test. In order to do so, the courts are required to consider if the particular conduct also be considered as unfair by any reasonable person. However, the conduct cannot be described as oppressive. Only thing to reason that such conduct is discriminatory or prejudicial for a minority shareholder. Hence it is also necessary that there should be an element of unfairness, present in the conduct (Schreiner, 1979). Under these circumstances, it can be claimed that in the present case, the conduct of the majority shareholders of the company is oppressive and unfairly prejudicial to Max. Therefore, Max can seek an order from the court, preventing the inclusion of the clause, which allows the directors of Chocolate Cleaning Products Pty Ltd to expropriate the shares of the minority shareholders, although such resolution has been passed by the other shareholders of the company. The issue in the present case is if the resolution passed by the executive directors of Aussie Boats Ltd (AB), according to which the company was going to issue additional shares in order to thwart the takeover bid that was going to be made by Millionaires on Water Ltd (MWB) can be treated as a breach of duty by these directors, particularly in view of the fact that the takeover bid is being opposed by these directors to save their own positions because it is known that MWB terminates the position of executive directors after it has completed a takeover while on the other hand, generally the nonexecutive directors are retained. Under these circumstances, advise needs to be given to Banjo if the executive directors of AB have breached any of their equitable or statutory duties. A number of duties have been imposed on the directors. These duties have been prescribed by the common law and at the same time, they have also been incorporated in the Corporations Act, 2001. First and foremost, the directors owe these duties towards the corporation. The basis for these duties can be found in the principles of good faith and accountability (Hanrahan, 1997). The requirements imposed on the directors by common law and statutory right to establish the parameters of this duty but without restricting the flexibility of these principles (Pentony, Graw, Parker and Whitford, 2012). The directors are required by the law to discharge their duties keeping in view the best interests of the corporation. Generally this phrase is interpreted as covering only the "shareholders of the company as a whole". But while making decisions on behalf of the company, generally, the directors may have to deal with several conflicting interests. Therefore, during the recent years, the courts have been ready to give more scope to the directors in considering the interests of various persons who are affected by the acts of the company without encroaching on the principle which requires the directors to act in the best interests of the company (Chumir, 1965). It has been recognized by the courts that acting in the best interests of the company does not mean that the directors should disregard the interests of other stakeholders like the employees, creditors and the community, who may be impacted by the actions of company. Generally it is in the long-term best interests of the company to consider these interests also. Under the present circumstances, if the executive directors of Aussie Boats have made a decision to counter the takeover bid made by MWB, only due to the reason that it is known that after the takeover, MWB abolishes the position of executive directors, it can be said that there has been a breach of duty by these directors. The reason is that the law requires the directors to make decisions by keeping in view the best interests of the corporation. On the other hand, even the present case, the decision has been made by the executive directors of Aussie Boats for the purpose of protecting their position instead of preserving the best interests of the company, and can be said that there has been a breach of the duty by these directors. In this regard, civil penalties that have been described by the Corporations Act, 2001 can be imposed on these directors if it has been established that the decision was not made by them in the best interests of the company and as a result there has been a breach of duty by these directors. References Crosling, G. M. and Murphy, H. M. 2009,How to study business law (4thed.) Sydney, NSW: Lexis Nexis Shapira, G., (2003) Shareholder Personal Action in Respect of a Loss Suffered by the Company: The Problem of Overlapping Claims and Reflective Loss in English Company Law 37 International Lawyer 137. Ramsay, I., (1992) Corporate Governance, Shareholder Litigation and the Prospects for a Statutory Derivative Action 15 University of New South Wales Law Journal 149 at 156 James, N, 2013, Business Law (3rded.) Brisbane, QLD: Wiley. Whincop, M.J. (2001) The Role of the Shareholder in Corporate Governance: A Theoretical Approach 25 Melbourne University Law Review 418 at 432-8 Schreiner, O. C., (1979) The Shareholders Derivative Action A Comparative Study of Procedures 96 South African Law Journal 203 at 211 Hanrahan, P. F. (1997) Distinguishing Corporate and Personal Claims in Australian Company Litigation 15 Company Securities Law Journal 21 Pentony, Graw, Parker Whitford, 2012,Understanding Business Law, Sydney, NSW, LexisNexis Chumir, S., (1965) Challenging Directors and the Rule in Foss v. Harbottle 4 Alberta Law Review 96 Eley v Positive Life Assurance Co Ltd [1876] 1 Ex D 88 Hickman v Kent or Romney Marsh Sheep-breeders Association [1915] 1 Ch D 881