tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75168370681092354832024-03-14T02:16:40.648-07:00Essay writing expertGood Essay TopicJerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-63887896250215697502020-08-24T21:38:00.001-07:002020-08-24T21:38:07.519-07:00Free Essays on Pi NumberA mostly secret refrain in the holy book peruses ââ¬Å"And he made a liquid ocean, ten cubits from the one edge to the next; it was round about, and his tallness was five cubits; and a line of thirty cubits compassed it about (I Kings 7, 23).â⬠This entry from the holy book exhibits the old idea of the silly number pi. Pi in certainty is referenced in various stanzas all through the book of scriptures. In II Chronicles 4,2, in the section portraying the structure of the extraordinary sanctuary of Solomon which was worked around 950BC, pi is given as equivalent to three. This worth isn't exact at all and ought not be viewed as precise for itââ¬â¢s time, anyway it ought to be noticed that exactness was not required for the assignment that was being performed and we should let the general idea of pi that the scriptural characters gangs intrigue us. Present information recommends that the idea of pi originally created in 2000 BC in two separate societies. The Babylonians utilize d pi at an estimation of 25/8 while a totally extraordinary culture, the antiquated Egyptians utilized pi at an estimation of 256/81. While the scriptural estimation of pi=3 no doubt originated from rough estimation, there is solid motivation to accept, as a result of the general exactness of the qualities, that the Babylonians and Egyptians discovered pi by methods for numerical conditions. In the Egyptian Rhind Papyrus, which is dated around 1650 BC, there is solid proof supporting that the Egyptians utilized 4(8/9)2 =3.16 for their estimation of pi. By then ever, and for most of present day history, pi was not seen as a nonsensical number as it is today. The following society that researched pi was the antiquated Greeks. Beginning in 434 BC Greeks were unwinding the secrets of pi. The mathematician Anaxagoras tried to discover pi, which he called squaring the hover and in 414 BC, 20 years after Anaxagoras flopped in his endeavor to square the circle, Aristophanes alludes to craft ed by Anaxagoras in his satire... Free Essays on Pi Number Free Essays on Pi Number A mostly secret section in the book of scriptures peruses ââ¬Å"And he made a liquid ocean, ten cubits from the one edge to the next; it was round about, and his stature was five cubits; and a line of thirty cubits compassed it about (I Kings 7, 23).â⬠This entry from the holy book exhibits the antiquated idea of the silly number pi. Pi in actuality is referenced in various refrains all through the good book. In II Chronicles 4,2, in the section depicting the structure of the extraordinary sanctuary of Solomon which was worked around 950BC, pi is given as equivalent to three. This worth isn't exact at all and ought not be viewed as exact for itââ¬â¢s time, anyway it ought to be noticed that exactness was not required for the errand that was being performed and we should let the general idea of pi that the scriptural characters forces intrigue us. Present information proposes that the idea of pi initially created in 2000 BC in two separate societies. The Babylonians utilized pi at an estimation of 25/8 while an altogether extraordinary culture, the antiquated Egyptians utilized pi at an estimation of 256/81. While the scriptural computation of pi=3 in all probability originated from unrefined estimation, there is solid motivation to accept, in light of the general precision of the qualities, that the Babylonians and Egyptians discovered pi by methods for numerical conditions. In the Egyptian Rhind Papyrus, which is dated around 1650 BC, there is solid proof supporting that the Egyptians utilized 4(8/9)2 =3.16 for their estimation of pi. By then ever, and for most of present day history, pi was not seen as an unreasonable number as it is today. The following society that researched pi was the antiquated Greeks. Beginning in 434 BC Greeks were unwinding the secrets of pi. The mathematician Anaxagoras tried to discover pi, which he called squaring the hover and in 414 BC, 20 years after Anaxagoras flopped in his endeavor to square the circle, Aristophanes alludes to crafted by Anaxagoras in his parody... Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-30087931901470549362020-08-22T02:14:00.001-07:002020-08-22T02:14:06.631-07:00Managing in the global economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsOverseeing in the worldwide economy - Essay Example Subsequently it turns out to be fundamental to contemplate the physical and cultural conditions when opening and worldwide business. Overseeing in a worldwide situation implies oversee individuals who are isolated by time and separation as well as by social, social, and language contrasts. The fundamental test here is to incorporate and facilitate these people in manners that will guarantee achievement. Furthermore, it is critical to be touchy to and regard the social contrasts. Individuals from various societies will in general misconstrue every others practices or generalization individuals from different nations. Portfolio venture esteems and incomes are influenced when political change causes unforeseen discontinuities in the business condition. This is the Robock and Simmonds (1973) meaning of political hazard. They are additionally influenced by the dangers that remember potential limitations for the exchange of assets, items, innovation and individuals, vulnerability about approaches, guidelines, legislative authoritative strategies, and, at last, hazards on control of capital, for example, oppression outside firms, seizure, constrained neighborhood shareholding, and so forth. Wars, upsets, social changes, strikes, financial development, expansion and trade rates all figure in the political hazard writing and, clearly, are equipped for influencing portfolio venture just as immediate speculation. Net National Income includes the all out estimation of merchandise and ventures delivered inside a nation (for example its Gross Domestic Product), along with its salary got from different nations (eminently intrigue and profits), less comparative installments made to different nations. For instance, if a British-claimed organization working in another nation sends a portion of their earnings (benefits) back to UK, the UKââ¬â¢s GNI is improved. Contingent upon the specific nation conditions, FDI may build the host nation capital stock, acquire new advancements and lift GNI development rates (and henceforth GNI per capita). Swelling Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-65268011345444344362020-07-24T15:15:00.001-07:002020-07-24T15:15:03.064-07:00Stove-Cook Your Oatmeal and Never Look BackStove-Cook Your Oatmeal and Never Look Back Oatmeal cooked on the stove is so good. I wouldnât know this, but a few days ago a fuse broke and all the outlets in our kitchen stopped working. Here is our kitchen, which is probably not the kitchen youâd imagine belongs to two MIT grads and a masterâs student: Here, on the right wall of the kitchen, is our fuse box: Do you know about fuses? I did not know about fuses. I still donât. You might notice that the bottom left fuse does not have a tab, it has a spring. It turns out the stove is on a different fuse, and for that we are very lucky. Hereâs how you cook oatmeal on the stove. You boil a cup of milk. You can hear it boil over from a few rooms away. Burning milk smells amazing. You turn the heat down and add half a cup of one-minute oats and you stir sometimes. I havenât figured out if stirring is important. When the milk is mostly gone you have oats. The cooked oats stick to the pot, but they come off in a film on their own after you soak them, and cleaning is easy after that. I learned today that the microwave oven was accidentally created in 1945, and intentionally made available in a 600-pound, 3,000-watt, $3,000 form in 1947. The first food cooked in a microwave oven, on accident, was a candy bar, then popcorn, on purpose. Our microwave oven came from our friend Paula J. â14 when she moved in with friends who already had one. There are four TED talks I watched last night at 2:something am, about a day after we discovered that the fuse was blown and, I guess, didnât do anything about it, that I want to share with you, especially if you were just not accepted by MIT for undergraduate admissions or if you are, like me, on the edges of weighty but possibly inconsequential (or not?) career decisions and feeling indecisive or stuck. You might not think knowing how to stove-cook oatmeal is a useful skill. I disagree, even though the directions are written on the box, but itâs probably not that useful, not really. What is useful is being able to swap out microwave for stove, metaphorically, and unwaveringly pursuing your goals when the in-between steps donât fall into place, whether those goals are making breakfast or something bigger, like making sure that everyone in the world can have breakfast or building cities or improving existing cities or making better fuses or writing books or getting ahead of pathogens. (If I were cooler, it would be good to actually replace the broken fuse, which is probably a metaphor for addressing my misconceptions about happiness and success and life purpose, but thatâs, like, not in NP.) MIT wonât make you rich. It wonât hand you success. It wonât even set you on a unwavering path toward it. When I look toward my future I see a flat, terrifying expanse of adult life stretched before me. There are no longer any obvious mountains to climb. I can walk in any direction, or switch directions, for any amount of time, toward horizons whose features I canât see from here. I can raise or raze my own mountains and plant my own landmarks, if I want to. I have no idea where Iâm standing right now, but everything seems to be telling me that Iâll get farther, wherever Iâm going, if I just start running, and I am guessing that so will you. In other words, if you are lucky enough to have a singular greater vision or motivation behind applying to MIT, chase it. Donât let the switch of a single stepping stone for another one disrupt your dreams and the progress youâve already made. If not, pick one, do it faster than me, and donât look back. (Update: we replaced the fuse and the outlets still donât work.) (Update: there were two fuses blown! The top right one had its metal all ripped apart. Our kitchen works again! What a lovely metaphor.) Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-55149043421806460092020-05-22T06:43:00.001-07:002020-05-22T06:43:05.338-07:00Indonesian Demographic Transition Essay - 1563 Words Introduction The effects of population control programs on demographic change were not instant, and it takes long serious effort to encourage the improvement of economic development in a country. According to Paul J. Gertler (1994, p. 33), ââ¬Å"Population control is a key element in a countryââ¬â¢s ability to maintain and improve its economic and social welfareâ⬠. Furthermore, this paper intends to explain why the change of population structure has an effect on the societyââ¬â¢s economic condition in Indonesia with examining the demographic variables. This short paper is aimed to support the hypothesis that the demographic variables are important influential factors on the economic development and significantly affect on the social welfare inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦2006, p. 18). Thus the Indonesian population reached the conditions which sustain on the other development supporting factors. In general, Indonesia has been considered successful to reduce fertility and mortality rates. The total fertility rate (TFR) in Indonesia decreased significantly from the average of 5.6 children per female in 1971 to 4.6 in 1980, from about 3.3 in 1987 decreased to 3.02 in 1990 and continuously dropped to 2.8 in 1994. From 1997 to 2002, according to Indonesia Demographic and Health survey 2002 (IDHS 2002, 2003), the TFR was 2.7 and declined to 2.6 children per female. Figure 1 Sources: IDHS 2002 technical report series monograph no.111 Meanwhile, the crude death rate in Indonesia in 1970 was 17, 7.9 in 1988, increased slightly to 9 in 1990 and dropped to only 6 in 2006. Furthermore, the infant mortality rate declined from 67 per 1,000 life birth in 1988, 56 in 1990, to 52 in 2000 (Demographic Indicators: Indonesia, http://www.unicef.org). The decline in mortality rates in Indonesia were caused by better standard of living, better familiesââ¬â¢ health and better education which are also caused by family welfare improvement. Since the Indonesian government has already succeeded in lowering theShow MoreRelatedThe Reform And Implementation Of A New Defined Benefit Public Pension System1657 Words à |à 7 PagesDC schemes allow participants to withdraw some of their funds for acceptable reasons. Therefore these schemes can double as an emergency fund. 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The company also planted palm oil crops in high-value deep peatlandRead MoreBurger King1905 Words à |à 8 Pageslooking for a new palm oil supplier for the 176 Burger King restaurants supplied by Sinar Mas, and would be notifying its suppliers that it plans to discontinue the use of palm oil supplied by the company. The audit also found that SMART had violated Indonesian law on forest management, and launched operations on almost 38,000 hectares (94,000 acres) of land on Borneo before mandatory environmental studies had been completed, reports AFP. The company also planted palm oil crops in high-value deep peatland Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-1816563259974445262020-05-07T20:13:00.001-07:002020-05-07T20:13:02.294-07:00Essay on Shell Company Oil Spills in Nigeria - 4561 Words SHELL COMPANY OIL SPILLS IN NIGERIA By MOHAMMAD MOHIB SIDDIQI H00034532 Executive Summary Shell is one of the global energy and petroleum companies around the world. The strategy of Shell Company is to generate more profit for the organization and to move forward the business investments so that Shell Company is sustaining a competitive situation in the Global market and to provide revenues to the shareholders by meeting the global demand. Shell Company believes that oil and gas will remain one of the integral needs of global energy for economic development and Shell Company role is to provide the global with the high standard oil and gas without out harming theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦According to Shell Global (n.d.) one of the largest branches of Shell Company is Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) in Nigeria which has joint venture with Nigerian Governmentââ¬â¢s Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). The ratios are divided in a method of 55% to Nigerian Government, 30% to Shell Company, 10% to ELF Petroleum Nigeria Ltd and 5% to AGIP. The opera tion of SPDC in Nigeria has added $38 billion to the Nigerian Government in the past five years (2007-2011) together with the taxes and royalty payments. The Nigerian Government receives 95% of its profit from SPDC onshore oil and gas production in Niger Delta. In relation to Shell Companyââ¬â¢s relation following are some key aspects. 1.1.1 Ethical Standards and Code of Conduct: The outlay of Shell Companyââ¬â¢s ethical standards and issues are noted under the Companyââ¬â¢s ethical code of conduct. The Shell Company employees cannot make decision which can involve conflict of interest. It is written in code of ethics that the employees of Shell Company cannot receive gifts or payments from the contractors or other involved parties with Shell Company. The employees should behave fairly with the customers and should understand the nature of their diverse work and should never discriminate. The employees of Shell Company cannot take part in financial interest activities. They are strictly forbidden to interact with theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Shell Nigeria1322 Words à |à 6 Pages Shell Nigeria nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1958 the Royal Dutch/Shell Group started drilling for, transporting and refining oil in Nigeria. Nigeriaââ¬â¢s large supply of high quality crude oil helped Shell climb to the top, by 1994 Shell made more money than other company in the world. Everything changed for Shell in 1996 when the world became aware of their unethical business practices in Nigeria. Shell had raped the environment, violated human rights of the Nigerian people and manipulated localRead MoreIntels Training For Engineering And English As A Second Language1636 Words à |à 7 PagesAdditionally, Intel was not satisfied with just bringing jobs and tax revenue to Costa Rica. The company went a step further and developed the education system in a myriad of ways. This was also advantageous for Intelââ¬â¢s interests. Initially, Intel was concerned that Costa Rica did not have enough skilled professionals to work in its new assembly and testing facility. In order for the plant to be fully operational Intel would need to employ 1500 Costa Rican technicians (Cabrera Unruh, 2012). 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I just drove my car everywhere - whether it was to eat, shop, or just travel - withoutRead MoreA Report On The Shell Oil1235 Words à |à 5 Pagesthere is a high demand for oil in America, after all it is a key mineral in many of the products used to keeping industrial operations running. In 2015, the United States consumed a total of 7.08 billion barrels of petroleum products, an average of about 19.4 milli on barrels per day. 1 Like the US, many countries would go through great lengths to acquire or keep a reliable contact to a steady oil transit. In countries like Nigeria, Colombia and Africa are a few places where, oil has been a factor in conflictRead MoreNigerian Development : The Face Of Oil Extraction And How Mncs Such As Shell Essay1593 Words à |à 7 Pagesarchetypal example of an oil state and primary exporting country, Nigeria is the largest oil exporter in Africa and the worldââ¬â¢s tenth largest oil producer (Pyagbara 2007: 1). 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Shell includes companies like Shell Petroleum Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-70393067386313914222020-05-06T09:29:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:29:45.035-07:00Historic overview Free Essays The story of the Ritz-Carlton begins with Swiss hotelier Cesar Ritz who was well known in the hotel industry as the ââ¬Å"king of hoteliers and hotelier to kings. â⬠Mr. Ritz redefined luxury accommodation in Europe with his management of The Ritz in Paris and The Carlton in London. We will write a custom essay sample on Historic overview or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although he died in 1918, his wife Marie continued the tradition of opening hotels in his name. The Ritz-Carlton Investing Company was established by Albert Keller, who bought and franchised the name in the United States. The original Ritz-Carlton hotel was built in Boston, Massachusetts, and opened on May 19, 1927 with a room rate of $15 per night. It became known as the hotel to kings, queens, movie stars, and tycoons: Prince Charles, Irving Berlin, Bette Davis, and Howard Hughes were just a few of its notable guests. Additional locations soon opened in New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Atlantic City and Boca Raton, but all these locations did not survive the Great Depression and by 1940 only The Ritz-Carlton Boston remained. The Wyner Years: 1927-1964 On October 1926, 29-year-old Edward N. Wyner bought a third-acre parcel at the corner of Arlington and Newbury streets and formed a partnership called The Ritz-Arlington Trust with his father, George, and business associate, John S. Slater. The trust sold $2. 1 million of bonds to finance the construction of a hotel to be called the Mayflower. The 18-story, 201-foot brick building, designed by Strickland, Blodget Law Architects, was far taller than anything else along Newbury Street at the time. Construction had started on the second floor when Wyner was persuaded by then-Mayor James Michael Curly to make the Mayflower a world-class, 300-room Ritz-Carlton Hotel, which opened May 19, 1927. Room rates were $5 to $15 per night; $40 per night for suites. After a hugely successful opening, the stock market crash of 1929 and ensuing Depression brought financial difficulties. The Wyner family funded the hotelââ¬â¢s operating losses during the early 1930s, although the interest on the bonds went unpaid. Still in 1933, when only 30 guests were registered in the hotel, Wyner turned on the lights in every guest room to give the appearance the hotel was full. Wyner died of a heart attack on Dec. 5, 1961. His six sons tried to continue operation of the hotel, but it was too difficult, and a decision was made to sell. The Blakeley Years: 1964-1983 The unpaid interest on the bonds dissuaded many from trying to buy the hotel. But Cabot, Cabot Forbes principal Gerald F. Blakeley Jr. was interested. After more than a year of legal work, Hale and Dorr succeeded at clearing the bond obligations, and in October 1964 Blakeley and associates Paul Hellmuth and Charles Spaulding acquired the Ritz-Carlton Boston for $3. 8 million. ââ¬Å"Out of the 20 years I owned it, it made money three years. The other years it broke even, but from a public relations standpoint for CCF, it was a tremendous asset,â⬠said Blakeley, who completed a 19-story Ritz-Carlton luxury condominium complex on land adjacent to the hotel in 1981. In the late 1960s Blakeley obtained the rights to the Ritz-Carlton name in North America (with the exception of Montreal and New York). In June 1978, Blakeley was awarded the rights and privileges of the Ritz-Carlton trademark in the United States and was given a US Service Mark Registration. In August 1983, Johnson Properties bought the Ritz Boston and US trademark for $75. 5 million and established the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Co. In 1988, Johnson subsequently obtained the exclusive rights to the Ritz name throughout the world (except for the 210-room Hotel-Ritz Paris and the Ritz-Carlton in Montreal). The Corporate Years: 1983-1999 Johnson grew the company from the One Ritz-Carlton Boston to 30 hotels worldwide in just 10 years. He obtained financing to do so from Manufacturers Hanover Trust of New York in 1983 in the amount of $85 million secured by the Ritz-Carlton Boston. This loan was refinanced in 1989 by Manhattan Tops USA of New York for $136. 5 million and again in 1994 by Sumitomo Bank of Japan. By 1996, this mortgage was in default and the interest and penalties brought the total debt to $214. 8 million. By splitting this mortgage note into three parts, Sumitomo Bank was able to unbundle the Ritz Boston from the trademark rights to the Ritz brand worldwide. Blackstone Real Estate Acquisitions of New York bought the Ritz-Carlton Boston at auction for $75 million in February 1998. A month later, Host Marriott Corp. of Bethesda, Maryland, acquired the hotel from Blackstone for $100 million. Marriott International Inc. , which franchises and manages Marriottââ¬â¢s 325,000 rooms, bought the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Co. and rights to the Ritz-Carlton name worldwide from W. B. Johnson for $290 million in a two-part transaction completed in 1998. Millenium Purchase In 1998, Christopher Jeffries, founding partner of Millennium Partners, obtained Ritz franchises from Marriott for four hotel properties under construction: two in Washington, one in New York City, and one in Atlanta, Georgia. In addition, Jeffries was searching for a brand affiliation for the new 155-room hotel and 270-luxury condominiums he was constructing as part of Bostonââ¬â¢s 1. 8 million-square-foot Millennium Place, a mixed-use complex on lower Washington Street. Because of noncompetition clauses, the only way he could obtain a second Ritz flag in Boston was to own the existing Ritz. Millennium Partners acquired the original Ritz-Carlton Boston for $122 million (though it had sold for just $75 million less than two years prior) and spent $50 million for renovations. Marriott agreed to allow the Ritz affiliation for the condominium complex, which will be known as The Residences at the Ritz-Carlton, and share all of the services of the hotel. In 1999, when Millennium Partners of New York, the new owners of the original Ritz-Carlton Boston, announced that the company was building a second Ritz-Carlton in Boston (the now-completed 193-room Ritz-Carlton, Boston Commons), there was much local disapproval. A member of the old guard summed up: ââ¬Å"The movement of a name from one place to another doesnââ¬â¢t do it. There would never be that special atmosphere; a grace, decency, and ambiance that once existed. â⬠Millennium Partners admitted they had no intentions of trying to duplicate the Ritz. Taj Purchase In October 2002, The Ritz-Carlton Boston celebrated its 75th Anniversary with a major restoration to bring the facility 21st century amenities while maintaining its 20th century decor. The Ritz-Carlton Boston has been in continuous operation since it opened in 1927. The property is a Boston landmark and anchors fashionable Newbury Street and the picturesque Boston Public Garden located in the heart of the Back Bay. In November 2006, The Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces, subsidiary of the India-based Tata Group, entered into a definitive agreement to purchase The Ritz-Carlton Boston from its current owners, Millennium Partners. The $170 million transaction is scheduled to close on January 11, 2007. Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces operates 75 hotels across the world. The Ritz-Carlton Boston will be renamed the Taj Boston upon closing the purchase. The existing Ritz-Carlton Boston Common is expected to be renamed Ritz-Carlton Boston. 2000 and beyond From 2001 to 2007 Boston was home to two Ritz-Carlton hotels that faced each other on Boston Common. The Ritz-Carlton Boston Common Hotel opened in 2001. In November 2006 The Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces, India luxury hotel group entered into an agreement to purchase the original 1927 Ritz-Carlton Boston from its current owners, Millennium Partners, for $170 Million. The Ritz-Carlton name was not sold to Taj Hotels. The Ritz-Carlton Boston was renamed Taj Boston on Jan. 11, 2007. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, LLC has announced its first hotel in India. The property is slated to open in Bangalore in 2007. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company In 1983, the original hotel and the brand were sold to The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. , based in Atlanta, Georgia which began expansion of the brand to other locations. The company grew to become the hospitality leader in the US under the leadership of Horst Schulze. His strong conviction of customer loyalty and emphasis on a value/mission driven philosophy for the ââ¬Å"Ladies and Gentleman serving Ladies and Gentlemanâ⬠became a benchmark in the industry that other companies aspired yet never reached. In 1995, Marriott International purchased a 49% stake in The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company and in 1998 purchased an additional 50% stake in the company giving it 99% ownership of the company. The company is now headquartered in Chevy Chase, Maryland, located in the Washington, D. C. MSA. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company partnered with Bulgari in 2001 to operate a chain of hotels owned by and operated under the Bulgari brand. Simon Cooper joined Ritz-Carlton in 2001 as President and Chief Operating Officer taking the helm from Horst Schulze. Cooperââ¬â¢s mandate was to grow the chain through hotel expansion and product diversification. Under Cooperââ¬â¢s watch the company has aggressively expanded its hotels and has added The Residences at The Ritz-Carlton (private residential units) as well as The Ritz-Carlton Club (fractional ownership residences) to the companyââ¬â¢s new development program. How to cite Historic overview, Papers Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-6458566705803897102020-04-27T16:23:00.001-07:002020-04-27T16:23:02.509-07:00Justices Rule Human Genes cannot be Patented The article, titled ââ¬Å"Justices Rule Human Genes cannot be Patentedâ⬠, reports a ruling by the United States Supreme Court on a case between Myriad Genetics and other stakeholders who were fighting against Myriadââ¬â¢s claim for exclusive rights to patent human genes. The main point of the article, it seems, is that human genetic material cannot be patented because it is a product of nature rather than nurture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Justices Rule Human Genes cannot be Patented specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article, by quoting the justices of the Supreme Court, stresses that although scientists and biotechnologists may have the capacity to isolate the gene from the genetic material and use this break-through technology to prevent various diseases such as breast and ovarian cancer, they cannot claim patents for making the gene itself as this process occurs naturally. In view of this poi nt, the Supreme Court denied Myriad Genetics the exclusive rights to patent and own human genes, and stressed the fact that genes and the information they encode are not patent-eligible simply because a company has succeeded in isolating the genes from the surrounding genetic material. The article is from a credible source as it has been published in a respected newspaper. Editors of newspapers such as USA Today always ensure the authenticity of content before publishing. Additionally, the author of the article often makes mention of his sources of information, further reinforcing the articleââ¬â¢s credibility. All the facts included in the article directly support the ruling that human genetic material cannot be patented because it is a product of nature rather than nurture. For instance, it has been demonstrated how the health and wellbeing of breast and ovarian cancer patients will be jeopardized by monopolizing the human genes through giving one company exclusive patent right s. Arguably, the cost of seeking for treatment for such forms of cancer will definitely go up in spite of the fact that scientists have already identified the gene that normally dysfunction to trigger cancerous tumors. Another supporting fact that has been explained in the article is that patenting of human genes may also limit research activities and advances in human genetics. Additionally, it has been acknowledged that genes and the information they encode are naturally occurring and hence no single individual or organization can claim a patent for their existence or perceived discovery. In short, genes and the information they encode cannot be termed as products of innovation.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In my view, there was no notable bias from the author of this article which is worth mentioning. Indeed, the researcher does well to balance the positive and the negati ve sides of the Supreme Court ruling. The positive elements have already been discussed in this paper. However, on the negative elements, the author notes the historic ruling may create precedence whereby other biotechnology companies will be objecting to making huge investments in research due to incapacity to own the patents to protect their scientific discoveries. This is a valid concern that warrants closer scrutiny. Overall, the major learning outcome is that human genes are naturally occurring and hence cannot be patented by any individual or organization. The second learning outcome is that genetic research is critical in dealing with the rampant cases of breast and ovarian cancer witnessed in the society today. Lastly, the idea of patenting scientific discoveries and the limits that one can go has been well explicated in the article. This essay on Justices Rule Human Genes cannot be Patented was written and submitted by user Audriana K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-42233878840798900172020-03-19T13:48:00.001-07:002020-03-19T13:48:02.941-07:00Globalization & Public Health essaysGlobalization & Public Health essays Globalization is commonly defined as the worldwide integration of economies in the face of substantially increased transborder trade and investment [1]. It is generally addressed in the context of economics and information technologies. Globalization has brought wealth and modernity to many of the worlds peoples. Frequently overlooked in the classroom, unfortunately, are the new vulnerabilities now exposed by globalization, including the spread of natural disease and the use of disease as possible instruments of terror. It is important to understand how globalization may be affecting global public health policies, and what implications that has for global control of infectious diseases. From a public health point of view, it is imperative that we bear in mind that infectious diseases do not recognize borders, as evidenced by the current HIV/AIDS pandemic. The two main results of globalization have been expanding international travel and increased trade. Increased trade includes the exporting and importing of foodstuffs, which are probable carriers of pathogenic microbes. Some fresh foods may be contaminated during picking, packaging, transport, or delivery [2]. Another factor that may facilitate the international spread of food borne disease is the centralized processing of human and animal foods, followed by widespread distribution. For example, if a component of animal feed is contaminated with a pathogen, a food animal could ingest the pathogen. This food animal could then pass the pathogen to anyone who consumes a part of the animal which could cause a global outbreak. Increased international travel, a result of globalization, is also a major cause of the spread of disease, and also a major factor in the threat of bioterrorism. Examples of disease spread from continent to continent include HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, West Nile encephalitis, Vibrio cholerae, coccidioidomycosis, influenza, measles, and ... Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-16295228774566256472020-03-03T05:34:00.001-08:002020-03-03T05:34:02.852-08:00Calling All Cat Cuddlers! You Can Now Cuddle Cats for a Living!Calling All Cat Cuddlers! You Can Now Cuddle Cats for a Living! You can getting paid to cuddle cats? And who said miracles donââ¬â¢t exist! In Dublin, Ireland, there is an opportunity toà become a professional cat-cuddler. Yes, you read that correctly- a professional cat-cuddler. Well, you knowâ⬠¦ until there is a more official title for this position.à I know this job may sound too purrrfect to be true. But before you make that move to Ireland, hereââ¬â¢s what you need to know. Source [giphy]Justcats is Dublinââ¬â¢s first and only dedicated feline veterinary clinic, meaning there is a ââ¬Å"no dogs allowedâ⬠atmosphere. The clinic is looking for a candidate to hold cats and embrace them during their visits to make it more comfortable for both the owner and their beloved feline.According to the clinic, the ideal candidate must have gentle hands capable of petting and stroking cats for long periods of time, be soft-spoken, and be capable of cat whispering to calm the nerves of some of their patients. Since cat purring can te ll you a lot about the catââ¬â¢s feelings, having the ability to understand the different types of purring makes you stand out from the rest of the applicants.The clinic is ââ¬Å"considering a veterinary intern, a nurse position or a nurseââ¬â¢s assistant and their title will be appropriate to their role,â⬠à Veterinarian Aoife Caulfield told HuffPost.à Cuddling the four-legged family member pays between 20,000 euros and 25,000 euros (about $22,000 to $28,000).Source: [giphy]Not bad considering you are getting paid to snuggle with yourà BFF! Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-17515636552737137612020-02-15T20:58:00.001-08:002020-02-15T20:58:03.232-08:00Modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1Modernity - Essay Example These aspects are either descriptive or analytical based on social, political, or economic aspects that characterize modernity. A political approach of defining modernity is quite analytical. It states that the earliest stages of modernity began with the Niccolo Machiavelliââ¬â¢s works, which seemed to favor the free republics over monarchies. The modernization initiated at this time continues to grow with liberalism and democracy being quite characteristic in todayââ¬â¢s political view. On the other hand, the changes in the social discourse, processes, and conditions take a descriptive approach. In this case, modernity is described in accordance to the descriptions of peopleââ¬â¢s social aspects. The philosophical view also takes the same descriptive dimension as the social approach. In this regard, it is described as the period where the realization that it is impossible to achieve certainty came up. On the same frequency, modernity achieves a descriptive approach as the a ge in which ideologies were developed. The descriptive aspect of modernity supersedes the analytical. This is because across generations what predominates is the evidence of what has taken place. Therefore, when this is described, it supports the evidence of the transition that is characterized by Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-82100354701026615222020-02-02T12:49:00.001-08:002020-02-02T12:49:02.504-08:00Business Environment Analysis of British Airways Essay - 1Business Environment Analysis of British Airways - Essay Example The assessment of the external environment is conducted in reference to its impact on British Airways. For the purpose, the range of strategic management tools has been employed. British Airways (BA) is a private limited company is renowned airline that has recently celebrated 90 years of existence in the year 2009. It is one the leading premium airlines of the world and the largest airline of UK and covers around 400 destinations across the world (British Airways, 2013). The business model of BA is based on the revenue generation from the passenger as well as cargo delivery services. With the long rich history and experience, BA has become one of the leading airlines that have extensive scheduled flights and network of airline. Additionally, it is a comprehensive list of joint agreements, franchise partners and other defined codes that enables it to service wide network of stations (airports). Importantly, in the year 2010, BA merged into Iberia which is the largest airline of Spain (British Airways, n.d.). British Airways generate its revenue from the two basic sources including passenger revenue and the cargo revenue. For the year 2013, BA generated revenue of around à £ 10,129 million from the passenger revenue with the growth of 6.6% while the cargo revenue declined by 6.5% and generated à £ 689 million in 2013 as compared to 2012. The year 2013 was driven by considerable investment in the airline with constant focus on expanding customer base along with the cost reduction measure at effect (British Airways, 2013). This section of the report will produce the information related to the British Airways. The information will be specific to the business direction and future vision of the business along with impact of the external environment on BA and its response. The mission of British Airways, as reported in the marketing in magazine, is ââ¬Å"to serveâ⬠(Eleftheriou-Smith, 2011). Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-46517159510975885252020-01-25T09:12:00.001-08:002020-01-25T09:12:04.371-08:00Developing Wireless Communications to Space Essay example -- Science O A big potential problem in the future is developing a wireless communications network in outer space. In this paper we will discuss the problems presented with this and the potential solutions to these problems using existing and some futuristic technology. We have broke this into two main parts, one being earth to satellite to planet and back, and the other being planetary ground transmission to and from astronauts to rovers to space stations. The solution has already started being implemented and will continue rapidly into the near future. It is called the Interplanetary Internet. As of now it is an array of floating 'nodes' or satellites scattered around in space that can communicate with each other. In the future a backbone of satellites is envisioned with their own high speed protocols. There will also be large antennas on earth and possible other planets hundreds of feet high, amplifiers scattered throughout space, photovoltaic powered satellites, and high precision equipment on multiple planet surfaces. The architectural concept to this is deceivingly simple. The first part is developing Internet protocols to form local networks in quiet environments with little delay. This could be done with free flying spacecraft here on earth or another planet. The second part is to develop a deep space structure of satellites interconnecting LANs. This includes multiple space based data relay satellites. The third part is implementing a new overlay a new protocol concept called bundling to tie together the Internets. This is based on a routing concept in which multiple messages will be bundled and sent through a series of Internets. The problem with this is not the same as here on earth. Here it is billi... ...face devices completed the elements of the hardware setup. (NASA Takes..) In conclusion the improvements to the current inter-planet system of communication involves increasing the number of nodes in space, development of peer to peer hardware nodes and improvement of protocols to deal with long delays and interference. Works Cited NASA Takes the Internet into Space. 13 Dec 2003. TechNewsWorld. 10 April 2007. . Mars Wants Wi-Fi!. 15 Jan 2004. Wi-Fi Planet. 10 April 2007. . NASA tests WiFi mesh networks. 22 March 2004. GCN. 10 April 2007. . NMSU researchers helping NASA develop systems to transmit data from Mars. 14 Oct 2004. SpaceRef. 10 April 2007. . Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-90212300174324837002020-01-17T05:36:00.001-08:002020-01-17T05:36:02.431-08:00Obesity and cancer – Linked to what levelOr possibly make for a worse cancer prognosis? These issues are addressed in this report, with references to many studies performer d at the population level, and at the molecular level ââ¬â attempting to link cancer progression (prostrate cancer), severity and occurrence, wit h symptoms of obesity ââ¬â such as visceral fat, deadlocked levels, etc.Focusing primarily on the dopamine levels in obese (cancer/non cancer) patients, in vitro tumor culture studies and data from prostrate/ breast cancer patients ââ¬â this report aims to hint at a possible mechanism which underlies cancer progression on the basis of the data from above studies and explain how obese TTY as a condition, fits In the mechanism of tumor progression. Introduction to obesity ââ¬â The first aspect regarding obesity is the quantification of the physical condition called ââ¬Ëobese'.For the purpose of this report (and for most of the studies referred to) ââ¬â computer tomography generated measurem ents in the order of ?comma area in the central abdominal regions (I. E. ââ¬â of visceral fat), Is defined as the condition for obesity. Alternatively, other quantifications, such as waste- Hip ratios, Body Mass Index, etc are also used to define or relate specific aspects of body structure to the condition of being obese or its relate deed metabolic syndromes. 9] Central (visceral) obesity is characterized by metabolic syndromes such as ââ¬â insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperventilates, displacement, hypertension, and problematic and protoplasm Tory states [81. All of which are fairly conditions that cause many complications in contemporaries occurring dies asses ââ¬â however the focus of this report details the direct implications of obesity, and the molecules involved ââ¬â followed by a generalization from this case-study on hormonal cancers. The molecular symptoms and effects of obesity on a patient's physiological system ar Fig. ââ¬â Diagrammatic repre sentation of some of the possible mechanisms for obesity- related prostate cancer progression. GIF-I = insulin-like growth factor 1; IL- 6 = interleukin 6; VEGA = vascular endothelial growth factor; GHB = sex- hormone binding globulin. [8] Molecular characteristics of obesity ââ¬â The following are characteristics/by- products of obesity and their respective roles identified in various hormonal (prostrate/breast) cancer studies ââ¬â Hypersensitiveness ââ¬â Geiger serum levels of insulin results in decreased production of Sex-Hormone Binding Globulin (GHB).GHB mediated inhibition of breast tumors has recently bee n identified in literature [1]. Hence, this characteristic is analogous to loss-of- inhibition for breast-cancer cells. Also, it results in higher levels of free androgen's and estrogen ââ¬â which have been implicated in proliferation of breast cancers, and progression of hormonal cancers in general. Decreased Testosterone levels ââ¬â have significance in prostrate cancer, as lower testosterone levels have been associated with high- read prostrate cancers. The characteristic being of higher proliferation and less differentiation in the tumor. 2] Perpetuation of TNT-alpha ââ¬â by virtue of higher levels of TNT- alpha in serum, there is higher susceptibility to inflammation and inflammation by itself has a potential role as a cancer promoting event at any given site. [Smith's Term Paper] Dopamine secretions by adipose tissue are covered with a few examples ââ¬â o Lepton ââ¬â is an dopamine secreted primarily by White Adipose Tissue (WATT), and has been shoo win to be active in the formation of reproductive tissue (including the prostrate). And has be en positively correlated with visceral obesity and large prostrate tumors [4].Studies have shown that lepton promotes the proliferation of androgen- independent prostate cancer cell lines. It has also been shown to promote vascular endothelial cell profiler and misdiagnoses in vivo, processes that are crucial to allow cancer progression. Also, it has been positively correlated with increased prostrate cancer cell migration (implying invasion and metastasis) [5]. Mechanism of action ââ¬â The proliferation response of prostate cancer cells to lepton has been shown o involve intracellular signaling molecules such as physicality-instill 3- kinas (POP-K) and c-June NH-terminal kinas NON). 10] o Interleukin-6 ââ¬â one third of the circulating level secretion of IL- 6 is from adipose tissue. It is directly proportional to visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Its normal role being in modulo action of immune response and cell-functions ââ¬â it is basically a growth inhibitor. However, recently it has been shown to undergo a transition in its role from growth inhibitor associated with neuroscience differentiation to stimulator accompanied by androgen receptor cacti action in prostrate cancer progression [6].Prostrate cancer cultures have been shown to secrete high levels of IL- 6, and it is believed that chronic exposure to this dopamine leads to loss-of-growth- inhibition in tumor cells. Serum IL-6 levels >7 pig/ ml are associated with a poor prognosis in men with prostate cancer. O Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGA) ââ¬â VEGA levels are positively correlated with visceral obesity, and it is a potent nitrogen that allows for cell- migration, misdiagnoses and micro-vascular permeability. It hence, has a direct growth factor effect on tumor progression of all ski ads of cancer.Aggressive high grade cancers all show high levels of VEGA secretions. It is why apotheosized that obesity driven elevation in VEGA levels is a potent priming event for all forms of c anger, specially hormonal cancers. O Depiction ââ¬â this is an dopamine that is negatively correlated with obesity and visceral fat. It has been identified as a possible therapeutic agent in many obesity related metabolic co indications, such as diabetes, hyp ertension, etc. Hence, by virtue of its opposite nature to other adipose nest, it is hypothesized to be the ââ¬Ëanticancer' dopamine. It is also negatively correlated with high h grade prostrate and breast cancers.The function of depiction is via its two primary receptors, which have a spatial didst fiction that is governed by other growth factors and adipose. Studies have also identified JUNK and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STATS) as common downstream effectors of depiction. Both JUNK an d STATS play of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apotheosis during various physiologic and pathologic events such as tumor development. [7] Discussion/Analysis ââ¬â Getting fat ââ¬â Starting in chronological order of occurrence, in a patient's life ââ¬â first, one must become obese for any risks to be present.Is this necessarily, true? Yes. Not that non-obese people are necessarily risk- free or unlikely to get cancer ââ¬â but obesity is positively correlated with multiple forms of cancer, so that risk is assure deed. Foods containing high levels of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol are specifically t he ones that are implicated in development of central abdominal obesity. Linoleum acid (or Omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid) is a constituent of animal- at that has been positively implicated in prostrate cancer migration/ metastasis [12].Also, low-fat culture medium for in vitro tumor cultures resulted in decreased proliferation rates and low- fat diets for tumor bearing nude-mice also showed slower progression of tumors. White Adipose Tissue (WATT ââ¬â a sub- classification of adipose tissue, which is largely present in visceral fat), is significantly co-relatable to consumption of animal- fat and saturated fatty acids. It is recognized as a metabolically active endocrine organ ââ¬â some of the secretions of which have been listed above. Hence, there is definitely a relation between one's diet and cancer prognosi s.The role of obesity ââ¬â Obesity has been generically classified as a condition that suppresses non- aggressive diseases and accelerates the aggressive ones. How true this stereotype may be, is not the subject of this report ââ¬â but nonetheless the statement does hold true for cancer progression. To say that cancer (of any form) may be ââ¬Ëinduced' by obesity, is not a Justifiable states .NET on the basis of currently available data. However, ââ¬Ëcancer progression' is definitely a task that obesity is able to remote to sufficiency (of the tumor). Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-35465592874325859672020-01-09T01:58:00.001-08:002020-01-09T01:58:04.043-08:00Technology s Effects On The Future Job Market - 1263 Words Sean Oââ¬â¢Leary March 29, 2017 English 12 Mr. Schneider Technologyââ¬â¢s effects on the future job market Technologic advancements has become a very controversial topic as lots of people are worried to lose their jobs to robots in the future. There are also people that are optimistic about how these technological advancements can help citizens in their daily lives. A growing trend in the world has been the constant revelations in technology that has shaped the society we live in today. There have been many people who complain about the problems that plague the world and very few are willing to make a change in the world. Technology can be the solution or the problem for making the world a better place. Lots of individuals say that technologyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦There are also statistics that back up the claim about why people are worried about robots stealing humans jobs. In the graph shown on Linkedin are stats from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it shows a major increase in unemployment for nonfarm jobs from July 2013 to July 2015. Another aspect of life in society that can be affected by technological advancement is how education will change to teach students new skills that can help them succeed in the future. In 2012 Mr Thrun founded an online-education startup called Udacity, and Mr Ng co-founded another. They had some comments on how the educational system as well the job market will be affected by new technology. Mr Thrun whoââ¬â¢s says he founded Udacity as an ââ¬Å"antidote to the ongoing AI revolutionâ⬠(Re-educating Rita), which will require workers to acquire new skills throughout their careers. Similarly, Mr Ng thinks that given the potential impact of their work on the labour market, AI researchers ââ¬Å"have an ethical responsibility to step up and address the problems we causeâ⬠; Coursera, he says, is his contribution. Moreover, AI technology has great potential in education. A big topic to consider as well is how technological advancement will affect production and the economy. A good example on how technology can help productivity is the steel industry over the past decades. ââ¬Å"The US steel industry really stands out: over the period 1972-2002, it witnessed impressive productivity growth ââ¬â 28%Show MoreRelatedTechnology And Economic Growth. When Studying Economics,1646 Words à |à 7 PagesTechnology and Economic Growth When studying economics, one often finds periods of growth as well as periods of recession. There have been many reasons for these highs and lows throughout history. The United States has experienced many recessions dating back to the 1929 depression under Herbert Hoover to the most recent 2008-2009 depression caused by failing housing markets and malpractice (Amadeo,2017). However; the U.S. economy has always recovered and has flourished after recessions. One of theRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay1680 Words à |à 7 Pagescommunication aspect. So what its globalization and its effects on the United States? 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These service providers give consumers access to their networks (equipment and services) that allow smartphone devices to make and receive phone calls and access the Internet; sell and lease devices; and provide technical support to help consumers use and troubleshoot their devices. In addition to wireless services, smartphonesRead MoreThe Elements Of Globalization And Their Impact On Hr Functions1565 Words à |à 7 Pagescurrent business structure into a more diverse culture. Since corporations are putting a stronger emphasis on diversity to stay competitive; globalization has impacted how these companies are managing its workforce. Firms that have a perception on the effects that globalization has on its human resources management, will help its managers to become better equipped to help their companies in a business that changes continuously in a global environment. The attributes of the global human resource specialistRead MoreOrganizational Culture at Apple Inc1727 Words à |à 7 Pagespeople to buy a computer for their homes. Back then the computer community added up to a few brainy hobbyists. So when Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs sold a van and two programmable calculators for thirteen hundred dollars and started Apple Computers, Inc., in Jobs garage, th e reach for success seemed far. But these two young business men, Wozniak 26 years old and Jobs 21 years old, had a vision. Computers arent for nerds anymore, they announced. Computers are going to be the bicycle of the mind. Low cost Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-77759367285847483522019-12-31T22:22:00.001-08:002019-12-31T22:22:02.371-08:00Why Does Coffee Make You Poop Your morning cup of coffee can jumpstart your day, but it may also send you on a beeline for the bathroom, both to pee and possibly to poop. Whether you experience the diuretic effect (you need to urinate) or colon-stimulating effect (you have a bowel movement) depends on your personal biochemistry and whether youre a regular coffee-drinker or not. Heres what scientists know. How Coffee Relates to Poop A study published in the gastroenterology journal Gut verified some people experience colon stimulation within minutes of consuming a cup of coffee. Not everyone reacts this way, so if you dont drink a cup of joe in the morning to get started in that manner, youre not alone. But for those of you for whom coffee does make you poop, how does it work? Scientists arent quite certain, but have ruled out some possibilities and identified other explanations. First, its probably not the stimulating effects of caffeine, since the laxative effect is seen with decaf as well as high-octane joe. Coffee promotes the release of the hormone gastrin, which stimulates the secretion of gastric juice and increases colonic motor activity. Activating the colonà may stimulate peristalsis, leading to the purgative effect. Is Coffee a Diuretic? The caffeine in coffee is a stimulant. Generally, stimulants increase urine production.à If coffee acts as a diuretic, drinking it will make you need to urinate more frequently, dehydrating you slightly. Dehydration can lead to constipation, which is the opposite of what some coffee drinkers experience. However, coffee isnt necessarily a diuretic! A 2003 study published in theà Journal of Human Nutrition andà Dietetics found that regular coffee drinkers develop a tolerance to the effect and dont excrete more urine, even if they drink 2-3 cups of coffee per day. So, if coffee doesnt act as a diuretic for you, you may be more susceptible to the laxative effect of the brew. Another factor could be psychological since bodily functions tend to adapt to a daily pattern. Thus, if you always start your day with a cup of coffee and a bathroom break, your physiology may become accustomed to the routine. However it works, scientists have verified coffees biochemical ability to send people to the toilet, just not necessarilyà for the same reason as each other. Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-49092243634405698692019-12-23T18:08:00.001-08:002019-12-23T18:08:04.304-08:00The Impact Of Scientific Research On The Development And... 1. While trying to define what research really is, it proves itself to be a very broad and open concept (Shuttleworth, 2008). Shuttleworth (2008) says, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦the definition of research includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge.â⬠(p. 1). Things like reading books, surfing the web, and watching the news are all forms of research (Shuttleworth, 2008). On the other hand, the scientific definition for research is more planned and concise (Shuttleworth, 2008). Research within science involves solving and or answering a specific problem (Shuttleworth, 2008). 2. Social and scientific research is important in the development and advancement of society (University). In scientific research, the experiment and variables are more controlled and systematically tested where as social research is dynamic and harder to control variables (University). Scientific research involves solving and or answering a specific problem in some systematic way, the scientific method (Shuttleworth, 2008). 3. Applied and basic research does have key differences (Stanovich, 2007). In applied research is to find a specific answer to a specific answer (Stanovich, 2007). Basic research adheres to its own name focuses on ââ¬Å"basicâ⬠principles and theories (Stanovich, 2007). Both of these research methods are similar within the aspect of their long time goal (Stanovich, 2007). Basic and applied research has proved to create important breakthroughs within scienceShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On The Development Of Civilization1407 Words à |à 6 Pagescontemporary society, science has played a more pivotal role than technology in the development of civilization. The purpose of science is to develop a vast breadth and depth of data and knowledge to enable us to understand why things are the way they are (Oberdan 26). On the other hand, technology is used to improve real problems based on justified beliefs and organizational systems (Oberdan 28). Without the knowledge and un derstanding of science, innovation would be lessened and society would notRead MoreThe Natural Sciences And The Arts1179 Words à |à 5 PagesPeople often argue about what constitutes progress, and things that some regard as progress other consider to not be progress at all. In my opinion it is the development towards an improved or more advanced condition. However what I perceive something to be could be biased due to my beliefs and value system, this is a limitation which must be considered when discussing progress in reference to the natural sciences and the arts. Reason and imagination play an important role in both understanding andRead MoreThe Benefits of Space Exploration Essay1053 Words à |à 5 Pages Curiosity has played an integral role in the advancement of the human species. From the discovery of fire by ancient ancestors to modern space explorations, it has been curiosity and the pursuit for a better future that has made humanity explore and innovate. Ho wever, exploration and innovation has never come without sacrifice. In regards to modern space exploration, the efforts to explore the universe has had negative effects including the loss of 18 human lives as of 2005 (CBS NewsRead MoreScientific Ethics Of Scientific Science Essay1702 Words à |à 7 PagesScientific responsibility can be described as the duties or obligations are scientist or researcher has when conducting his or her research. Science relies on objective methods to gather empirical data without the interference of subjectivity or other factors affecting the results obtained. Science is an extremely important tool for humanity as the discoveries made in the scientific community can greatly impact the lives of individuals through advancements in therapies to novel drug discoveries.Read MoreA Pre Printing Press Increase And Interest1603 Words à |à 7 PagesThe saturation of texts within Europe which transformed society is not greatly comparable to the limited initial introduction. While factors such as religious discontent, an early increase in textual access, and the charismatic figurehead of Luther were of great consequence, it appears the introduction of the printing press enabled such an extent of reform which some view as inevitable. The influence of the printing press on the scientific ââ¬Ërevolutionââ¬â¢ can be seen most profoundly as it changed attitudesRead MoreSignificant Health Care Event1225 Words à |à 5 Pagesundoubtedly has been shaped at least in part by advancements in scientific research and knowledge, and technological innovation (Shi amp; Singh, 2012). The following exploration focuses on ways a specific scientific or technological event or innovation affected health care provision in the U. S. to date. Health care is dynamic. Science and technology continue to prove themselves as important facilitators of the change processes that occur in health care. The scientific method and nursing process are just aRead MoreTechnology: The Development of Civilization1040 Words à |à 4 Pageslong as there have been people in this world, technology and science have existed. Technology is a powerful force which helped in the development of civilization and is a part of our system of culture that reflec ts its values. Technology has become very complex over the years and today it is known to be a social enterprise that includes all aspects such as research, design, finance, manufacturing, labor etc. In todays world, the real meaning of technology is not understood and known by all. TechnologicalRead MoreThe New Atlantis Essay898 Words à |à 4 Pagesisland Bensalem is unlike any other in terms of societal advancement, however, with strict laws to follow. Power within the leaders is needed to create and mandate the laws on Bensalem. The story illustrates three different types of leaders with that power: religion, government, and scientists. While all three are relevant, scientists and religious leaders are the two magnified throughout The New Atlantis. The impact of scientific research on medicine and farming improved the way of life and gaveRead MoreCoe of Ethics1625 Words à |à 7 PagesEthic Paper There are many healthcare organizations that follow their own mission with ethical values and company goals. The American Association for the Advancement of Science follows the mission statement of ââ¬Å"advance science engineering, and innovations throughout the world for the benefit of all people.â⬠(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2015) By following company goals, this statement can be reinforced. What are the organizationââ¬â¢s goals and how are they tied to its ethicalRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1101 Words à |à 5 PagesGenetic engineering brings about great and marvelous things, yet it raised many ethical issues. Some encourage research, while others oppose against such a bizarre idea. Their arguments revolve around impacts on the environment, humans, and social values. This paper seeks to give an account of these issues and present a possible moral compromise. Ecological problems may be caused when genetically engineered species are introduced. It may offset the natural balance of a system and may even lead to Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-69481302156245562642019-12-15T14:38:00.001-08:002019-12-15T14:38:03.496-08:00The novel Huck Finn takes a strange approach to dealing with money Free Essays The novel Huck Finn takes a strange approach to dealing with money. Itââ¬â¢s not a work that simply promotes a trite theme prevalent among other great novels: Money is not important in this life as some intangible matters (freedom, morality, etc. ) and that wealth has nothing to do with how happy oneââ¬â¢s life is. We will write a custom essay sample on The novel Huck Finn takes a strange approach to dealing with money or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mark Twain did not place a character that could serve as an avatar of social prominence, wealth, and misery despite achieving the two (e. g. Estella in Great Expectations). Most of the people in Huck Finn are either dirt poor or middle class townspeople. Nonetheless, money still has a starring role in the novel, for a characterââ¬â¢s relationship to money and how far he would go to become rich determines what kind of person he is. Huck Finn proved that money has never made a person happy and it never will, for there is nothing about the nature of money that can bring one joy. The more one has, the more one wants. Instead of filling a vacuum, it creates one. The main characters in the book are ââ¬Å"have-notsâ⬠. But they can be further divided into categories based upon the extent to which they value money: People like the Duke and the Dauphin have created a vacuum inside themselves, an bottomless pit that all the riches in the world couldnââ¬â¢t fill. In stark contrast to the two is Huckleberry Finn, who knows that it takes more than money to make a man rich. Huck Finn ââ¬Å"canââ¬â¢t standâ⬠hypocrisy, greed and ââ¬Å"sivilzââ¬â¢ationâ⬠. Twain seems to suggest that the uncivilized way of life is better: he draws upon the ideas of Rousseau in his belief that civilization corrupts, rather than improves human beings. Huck has had very little contact with society, and Twain implies that it is this lack of ââ¬Å"civilizingâ⬠that has allowed him to remain so free of greed. The Watson sisters are considered by the people of their town to be upstanding citizens, yet they had few qualms about auctioning Jim off. Huck was much poorer than the Watsons were, but no matter how badly he needed money, he would never consider selling Jim, or turning him in for the reward. In addition, during the Wilks sisters incident, he had several chances just to grab the loot and leave. If he was of mediocre morality, he might leave some of the money for the girls before running off to the territories, never to be heard from again. However, as we know, Huck, instead of making himself wealthier, puts his own life at risk to save the girls. Altruistic actions like those aforementioned are what sets Huck apart from the archetypal ââ¬Å"good guyâ⬠. He is so far removed from human natureââ¬â¢s desire to do whatââ¬â¢s best for oneself that he seems almost unrealistic. Nevertheless, perhaps that is Twainââ¬â¢s way of illustrating how wonderful a boy could be without societyââ¬â¢s corrupting influence: Huckââ¬â¢s upbringing (or lack thereof) has led him to the conclusion that money is a luxury, rather than a necessity. He is one of the few characters in the book who is truly richââ¬âhe has everything that money canââ¬â¢t buy, and he knows the value of those things. Huck is obviously the hero of the story, and displays no sing of covetousness whatsoever. However, there are other characters in the novel who are far better people than the Duke and the Dauphin, but are still not as free of corruption as Huck, who serves as an the epitome of magnanimity. Two of these less-than-perfect characters are the Widow, and her sister, Miss Watson. The Watson sisters were certainly kind to take in a loutish waif; doing so could not have contributed to the serenity of their household, nor could it have helped their financial situation. However, their image as compassionate, charitable old ladies is marred when Miss Watson decided to sell Jim down to New Orleans, and the widow agreed to let her. Since they had no reservations about tearing a man from his family for a few hundred dollars, they are obviously not the ââ¬Å"good Christiansâ⬠that they proclaim to be at heart. However, the sisters were partially redeemed when Miss Watson set Jim free in her will: one would have a hard time imagining such and action coming from the Duke or the Dauphin. Therefore, the Watson sisters are several tiers above them, and can be regarded as examples of the typical person, who is basically good at the core, but who cannot perceive and amend the ethical shortcomings of a defective society. Another person in the novel who is rather fond of money, but has a good heart despite his desire for capital, is Jim. He exhibited something akin to avarice when, near the beginning of the novel, he asked Huck to pay his hairball a quarter in order for it to reveal Huckââ¬â¢s future. This covetousness reappears when Jim arrives on Huckââ¬â¢s island, and talks of nothing but money for several days. However, Jimââ¬â¢s greed is quite different from the pure, sickening type exhibited by the Duke and the Dauphin. Jim sees money as equivalent to freedom: with money, he can buy his own freedom and that of his family. Money also would allow him to live like a white person, thus raising his status in the society. In short, Jim does not want money for moneyââ¬â¢s sake; rather, he sees capital as a way to correct the injustices thrust upon him by society. Therefore, throughout the novel, Jim constantly tries to get money, whereas Huck takes an fairly apathetic attitude towards the subject. In stark contrast to both the innately moral Huck Finn and the ââ¬Å"civilizedâ⬠people of the time stand the Duke and the Dauphin. They are not your average con men: they are beneath than the worst rascals, for they will stop at nothing to obtain money. They are utterly shameless, and possess none of the honor and mercy that God supposedly granted all human beings at birth. When they produced the Royal Nonesuch show and used the weaknesses of ââ¬Å"small town Americaâ⬠to rake in money, it was a low thing to do, but the scam didnââ¬â¢t hurt anyone significantly. When the King convinced a devout religious community to take up a collection for him so that he could go back to the Indian ocean to ââ¬Å"turn pirates into the true pathâ⬠, the prank is more ignominious than the last because he played the faith of gracious people. But truly ignoble is the way in which the Duke and the Dauphin posed as the uncles of the Wilks sisters and almost made off with the entire fortune without leaving a cent for their ââ¬Å"niecesâ⬠. Only with Huckââ¬â¢s intervenence were the ââ¬Å"sweet girlsâ⬠saved from the amoral swindlers. This time, the Duke and the Dauphin really proved themselves avaricious and heartless, perhaps almost sub-human. From their former scams, they already had enough of money for a comfortable lifestyle, so they could not even use necessity as an excuse to bilk the Wilks. Also, this last scandal truly hurt people, and had it been successfully pulled of, the girls would have been bereft not only financially, but emotionally as well. Not yet mentioned is their selling of Jim after failing to run off with the Wilksââ¬â¢ fortune, which was particularly disgusting not only because they were betraying a companion, but also because Jim wasnââ¬â¢t their ââ¬Å"propertyâ⬠to peddle in the first place. All of these incidents prove that once a man has devoted himself to the pursuit of money, he will have destroyed his heart. He will no longer be capable of enjoying life, for he will have lost all respect for all of humanity, which includes himself. Even if the Duke and the Dauphin had become rich, they could never be happy for they cannot enjoy any of the things that make life worth living (e. g. love, friendship, etc. ). All in all, the simplest moral of the book may be that money corrupts. People like the Duke and the Dauphin have become possessed by their desire for money. The void hole inside of them was carved out by their voracity and it has replaced their heart, soul and character. Like a black hole, it sucks in everything that enters, yet can never be full. Therefore, despite their success at trickery, the Duke and the Dauphin will never be as truly rich of a person as Huck Finn is. When the pair of swindlers are tarred, feathered and driven from town ââ¬Å"astraddle of a railâ⬠, the readers realizes that the pursuit of money cannot lead one to a good end. The theme of money was threaded throughout the novel not only to convey a moral to its audience, but also to highlight the differences between the characters: it revealed how deeply the root of all evil had taken root in each manââ¬â¢s heart. How to cite The novel Huck Finn takes a strange approach to dealing with money, Papers Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-6988149052243932442019-12-07T11:21:00.001-08:002019-12-07T11:21:04.683-08:00Corporate Governance and Shareholder Litigation â⬠MyAssignmenthelp Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Shareholder Litigation. Answer: Introduction: The general rule of law that is applicable in the present case provides that the articles of Association of company bind the members of the company as well as the members themselves. Therefore, it can be said that the articles amount to a contract that has been. The company and its members regarding the rights and liabilities imposed on members of a corporation. As a result, the law allows a member the company the same way as the company may sue the members in order to enforce or restrain a breach of the articles. Therefore the law provides that the company is bound to its members to all of the articles (Crosling and Murphy, 2009). On the other hand, if there is a breach of the articles by the company, in such a case the members can restrain the company and for this purpose may bring an injunction against the corporation. These provisions have also been given effect by the corporations law. As a result, it has been provided by section 140 of the of the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) th at the effect of the Constitution of the company can be described as a contract under seal that has been created between (i) the company and each member of the company (ii) The company and its directors, as well as the company secretary, and also (iii) The members of the companies themselves. Regarding the contractual effect of Constitution of the company, it needs to be noted that this effect is restricted to certain conditions. Therefore, the common law does not provide any rights to any other person in any other capacity (Shapira, 2003). An example of the situation was seen in Eley v Positive Life Assurance Co Ltd (1876). In this case, the company has appointed Eley as its solicitor for life. However, later on, he also became a member of the corporation. His appointment as the solicitor of the company was also mentioned in the articles of Association of company. Ultimately, Eley was removed from his position as the company's solicitor. Under these circumstances, he decided to the company for the breach of contract. It was held by the court that no rights were conferred on Eley as a result of the articles of company, in any capacity, other than his capacity as a member of the company (Ramsay, 1992). The reason that these eyes have not been affected, the court stated that the action cannot succeed. Under the common law, the articles of Association of the company are considered as a contract that has been created between the company and its members. This view was also been codified by section 140(1)(a). In the same way, an example of the position in this regard under the common law can be given in the form of Hickman v Kent or Romney Marsh Sheep-breeders Association (1915). In this case, it was mentioned in the articles of Association of the company that in case of a dispute between the members and the company, but this needs to be referred to arbitration before initiating court proceedings. However, Hickman, directly initiated court action without referring t he matter to an arbitrator. As a result, the company proved to be successful in obtaining a stay of these proceedings. It was held by the court that the memorandum and the articles of Association of the company amounted to a contract created between the company and each of its members. Such contract in the enforced by the company as well as by the members. Therefore, it was stated by the court that when certain rights are purported to be given to an outsider in his capacity as such, whether the person subsequently becomes a member, such outsider cannot sue the company on the basis of these articles, considering them a contract between the person and the company in order to enforce these rights (James, 2013). Therefore the law provides that no rights can be enforced against the company, if such right is purported to be conferred on such person by any article of the company, whether the person is a member or not, and in any press the other than as a member of the company, for example as a solicitor, director or promoter. Under these circumstances, it can be concluded that Max cannot enforce the laws that this was when the Constitution of Chocolate Cleaning Products Pty Ltd. and according to which, Max will remain the solicitor of the company for life and he cannot be removed except in case of negligence. The reason behind this conclusion is that in this case Max wants to enforce the clause in his capacity other than the member of the company. Max is not going to enforce the clause as a member of the company but he wants to enforce the laws in his position as the company's solicitor. Hence, in such a case, it cannot be considered as a contract between the company and Max. Therefore, Max cannot enforce the clause mentioned in the Constitution of Chocolate Cleaning Products Pty Ltd. The issue in this question is if Max can prevent the company from including a clause which allows the directors to expropriate his shares, although a special resolution has been passed by the other shareholders. There are certain rules present in the corporations law that have been developed with a view to protect the minority members of the company in case they have to face oppressive conduct. The term minority oppression includes the conduct that is governed by section 232 of the Corporations Act. In order to deal with such conduct, the courts have been given extensive powers so that really may be provided to a shareholder was to deal with oppressive conduct (Whincop, 2001). Oppressive conduct takes place, for example, when the affairs of the company, including any proposed or real act or omission or resolution takes place in such a way that is against the interests of the shareholders of the corporation as a whole or if the conduct can be described as oppressive, discriminatory or prejudicial against the shareholder. Under these circumstances, section 232 of Corporations Act deals with the conduct of the directors due to which the minority shareholders may have to face commercial unfairness. The provisions of section 232 are wide enough and no restrictions have been placed on what may be considered as oppressive conduct. For the purpose of finding out if the conduct can be described as a process, the courts apply an objective test. In order to do so, the courts are required to consider if the particular conduct also be considered as unfair by any reasonable person. However, the conduct cannot be described as oppressive. Only thing to reason that such conduct is discriminatory or prejudicial for a minority shareholder. Hence it is also necessary that there should be an element of unfairness, present in the conduct (Schreiner, 1979). Under these circumstances, it can be claimed that in the present case, the conduct of the majority shareholders of the company is oppressive and unfairly prejudicial to Max. Therefore, Max can seek an order from the court, preventing the inclusion of the clause, which allows the directors of Chocolate Cleaning Products Pty Ltd to expropriate the shares of the minority shareholders, although such resolution has been passed by the other shareholders of the company. The issue in the present case is if the resolution passed by the executive directors of Aussie Boats Ltd (AB), according to which the company was going to issue additional shares in order to thwart the takeover bid that was going to be made by Millionaires on Water Ltd (MWB) can be treated as a breach of duty by these directors, particularly in view of the fact that the takeover bid is being opposed by these directors to save their own positions because it is known that MWB terminates the position of executive directors after it has completed a takeover while on the other hand, generally the nonexecutive directors are retained. Under these circumstances, advise needs to be given to Banjo if the executive directors of AB have breached any of their equitable or statutory duties. A number of duties have been imposed on the directors. These duties have been prescribed by the common law and at the same time, they have also been incorporated in the Corporations Act, 2001. First and foremost, the directors owe these duties towards the corporation. The basis for these duties can be found in the principles of good faith and accountability (Hanrahan, 1997). The requirements imposed on the directors by common law and statutory right to establish the parameters of this duty but without restricting the flexibility of these principles (Pentony, Graw, Parker and Whitford, 2012). The directors are required by the law to discharge their duties keeping in view the best interests of the corporation. Generally this phrase is interpreted as covering only the "shareholders of the company as a whole". But while making decisions on behalf of the company, generally, the directors may have to deal with several conflicting interests. Therefore, during the recent years, the courts have been ready to give more scope to the directors in considering the interests of various persons who are affected by the acts of the company without encroaching on the principle which requires the directors to act in the best interests of the company (Chumir, 1965). It has been recognized by the courts that acting in the best interests of the company does not mean that the directors should disregard the interests of other stakeholders like the employees, creditors and the community, who may be impacted by the actions of company. Generally it is in the long-term best interests of the company to consider these interests also. Under the present circumstances, if the executive directors of Aussie Boats have made a decision to counter the takeover bid made by MWB, only due to the reason that it is known that after the takeover, MWB abolishes the position of executive directors, it can be said that there has been a breach of duty by these directors. The reason is that the law requires the directors to make decisions by keeping in view the best interests of the corporation. On the other hand, even the present case, the decision has been made by the executive directors of Aussie Boats for the purpose of protecting their position instead of preserving the best interests of the company, and can be said that there has been a breach of the duty by these directors. In this regard, civil penalties that have been described by the Corporations Act, 2001 can be imposed on these directors if it has been established that the decision was not made by them in the best interests of the company and as a result there has been a breach of duty by these directors. References Crosling, G. M. and Murphy, H. M. 2009,How to study business law (4thed.) Sydney, NSW: Lexis Nexis Shapira, G., (2003) Shareholder Personal Action in Respect of a Loss Suffered by the Company: The Problem of Overlapping Claims and Reflective Loss in English Company Law 37 International Lawyer 137. Ramsay, I., (1992) Corporate Governance, Shareholder Litigation and the Prospects for a Statutory Derivative Action 15 University of New South Wales Law Journal 149 at 156 James, N, 2013, Business Law (3rded.) Brisbane, QLD: Wiley. Whincop, M.J. (2001) The Role of the Shareholder in Corporate Governance: A Theoretical Approach 25 Melbourne University Law Review 418 at 432-8 Schreiner, O. C., (1979) The Shareholders Derivative Action A Comparative Study of Procedures 96 South African Law Journal 203 at 211 Hanrahan, P. F. (1997) Distinguishing Corporate and Personal Claims in Australian Company Litigation 15 Company Securities Law Journal 21 Pentony, Graw, Parker Whitford, 2012,Understanding Business Law, Sydney, NSW, LexisNexis Chumir, S., (1965) Challenging Directors and the Rule in Foss v. Harbottle 4 Alberta Law Review 96 Eley v Positive Life Assurance Co Ltd [1876] 1 Ex D 88 Hickman v Kent or Romney Marsh Sheep-breeders Association [1915] 1 Ch D 881 Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-40936820724309868072019-11-29T23:03:00.001-08:002019-11-29T23:03:04.966-08:00The Shang And Zhou Documents Essay Research free essay sample The Shang And Zhou Documents Essay, Research Paper How do we cognize what we know about the Shang and Zhou civilizations? The information and cognition that archaeologists and historiographers have gathered about the Shang and Zhou civilizations come from archeological sites every bit good as from ancient actual texts. The two largest sites for the Shang civilization are the Zhengzhou and the Anyang sites. At Zhengzhou, there was a wall environing the capital metropolis which ran 2385 foot long, 30 foot high and 60 foots broad ( the monolithic size of the wall indicates that the Shang civilizations had the ability to non merely form and use big groups of labour forces but besides to mobilise them for long periods of clip, as needed to construct such a wall ) . Oracle castanetss revealed the beliefs and happenings of the civilizations. They were used by the male monarch and diviners as a ways of communicating between themselves and the higher existences ( the male monarch would inquire the liquors inquiries about the hereafter or a current job and the reply would steer him in his determination or explica te an event ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Shang And Zhou Documents Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These inquiries, replies and O utcomes would be recorded on the tortoise shells or on the shoulder bones of oxen, showing the occurrences of crop failures, royal births or wars and invasion of outsiders which threatened the peace. The tombs of royals also show the belief of life after death in both the Shang and the Zhou cultures. The tombs of royal Shang kings contain not only vessels and bronze axes but also evidence of live burials (although in the Zhou periods, live burials were increasingly replaced by human statues rather than actual humans). The ancient text of the Classic of Documents show how the Zhou believed in the concept of a Mandate from Heaven (perhaps a way of justifying their overthrowing of the Shang culture). The Mandate states that a heaven chooses and empowers a ruler with the right to rule on the condition that he is righteous and wise in his handlings of administrative duties as well as in his treatment of his subjects (as well as practicing religion devotedly). However, if the leader viol ates these conditions, heaven will take away his right to rule by giving power to a new ruling family. Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-88514229584909876852019-11-25T21:44:00.001-08:002019-11-25T21:44:06.116-08:00The Future of NATOThe Future of NATO Introduction The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) when signing the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 declared that the organization would diligently work towards the unification of their combined defense in the preservation of peace and security.1Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Future of NATO specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The utmost danger to these goals was an armed attack by an unfriendly power. The insight resulted in the treatyââ¬â¢s most renowned provision as entrenched in Article V. It states that the parties to the treaty had concurred that a military attack against any of the members in Europe or North America would be regarded as an invasion against them all. However, the purpose for creating NATO has been objectively investigated by several interested parties of researchers and academicians including Lord Ismay to examine if NATO has a future given the contemporary security environment. In f act, Ismay formulated that the main objective of founding the alliance in 1949 was ââ¬Å"to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans downâ⬠.2 Six decades later, the mission has been achieved. However, the modern democratic Germany does not present any security threat. The effective collapse of the Soviet Union has resulted in a Russia that is incapable of presenting substantial military or conceptual threat to Europe effectively making NATO unnecessary from this perspective. The United States has played a vital role in ensuring that its national interests are permanently protected. Some quarters have suggested that the US has played its part in the alliance and should now leave. At the same time, NATO has achieved its mission in accordance with the treaty that created it. The accomplishment of these important missions somehow leaves NATO close to obsolete. NATO consequently requires restructuring and revamping to reflect on the realities of the 21st century.Adv ertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Evidently, the role of NATO remains important in view of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and increasing terrorism activities that threaten its members and non-members in equal measures. The security concerns of the 21st century and interconnected aspects offer NATO a new lease of life and a future. Main Body Initial paradox During the final decades of the 20th century, NATO was faced with a paradox. ââ¬Å"The battle that the alliance had created to confront and conquer known as the conformist conflict in Europe terminated without bloodshedâ⬠.3 This almost made NATO irrelevant. Strangely, when the alliance relaxed, armed chaos exploded in the Balkans. As a result, Europe was caught in the violence. NATOââ¬â¢s response appeared to be sluggish given that the enormous task of merging the expanse increased with t he flop of Yugoslavia. In a timely manner, the alliance made the right resolution by intervening to terminate a violent war and remaining to maintain peace. The alliance assumed the responsibility of reconciling the former rivals into the transatlantic fold. This was a feat and the realization of one of the objectives of the European unity as stipulated in the Treaty. Reaching an agreement on both counts was taxing. However, the leaders of the alliance fixed the course of European history in a style that would offer enhanced safety, refuge and opportunity for all.4 Modern paradox The alliance is inherently faced by another paradox in its operation. The key member of the alliance in terms of finance and military capability enabled the United States to accomplish its mission as envisaged in the formation of the alliance. It has secured its interests globally by using the provisions of the treaty. Besides, it has managed to neutralize major threats to its national and regional security through ISAF and direct military actions. The paradox that faces the alliance emerges from these facts and demands gallant and extensive resolutions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Future of NATO specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The transatlantic region is less susceptible to conformist conflict now and in the foreseeable future. Since the alliance was designed to protect the community and the region from threat, it is still busy pursuing this mission despite lack of any potential threat. However, renewed threats to the region took a twist though not directly after the 9/11 attack on the American landmarks. Citizens of ninety countries died during the attacks on the Pentagon and New York. The consequences were economically felt globally. Through ISAF, NATOââ¬â¢s responsibility expanded to the global arena through the deployment of troops to Afghanistan to combat terrorists responsible for the attacks. For a number of countries, the shift to democracy has progressed in fits and starts. These include NATOââ¬â¢s neighbors. Economically weaker states face the hitches of controlling their areas and affording urgent needs for their populations. Under the umbrella of ISAF, NATO has a future as its assistance is required in these countries and regions. Terrorism mushrooms in these weaker countries. If first world countries are to effectively defend themselves against terrorism, they must support NATO in its endeavor to eliminate terrorist shells in these emerging economies. This globalizes the increasingly multifaceted threats. The 2004 Madrid and 2005 London and multiple deterred attacks illustrated what transnational radical groups pursue to spread across the multiple verges of shared transatlantic region. The unwelcomed visitor of international terrorism accompanied by social, racial and spiritual strife is augmented by other threats. There are other threats that are creating their cour se towards the transatlantic zone from unanticipated quarters.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The dangers touch all countries similarly and no country is immune.5 This realization requires the partnership with NATO giving it a new role in future. The origins of these threats cling to globalization and shrouded within the economic networks that fuel the engines of global economy. For example, the essentials to construct biological weapons and the resources for their delivery possess a trend of masking behind millions of ordinary vessels meant for genuine trade. Computer-generated networks transmit novel ideas and chances at immeasurable speeds yet prowling in the data streams are fresh susceptibilities to trade and national security. When the Alliance was formed, cyber-crime and related threats did not present the region with substantial threats. These dangers advanced by technology require the alliance to review the mandate of NATO. In so doing, NATO will have extra responsibilities in future. Technological threats are currently the most probable source of global insecurity. Additionally, piracy, which for hundreds of years has been consigned to irritating levels, is on the increase. Illicit networks traffic artilleries, drugs and human are forming long vague shadows traversing international boundaries. The doubt of consistent energy provisions has the prospect in the disruption of livelihoods and trade at an extraordinary measure. Above this milieu of threats is a financial crisis of momentous degree. These emerging challenges to safety and security offer NATO a lifeline. Piracy activities have seemingly subdued contemporary measures by security agencies. This offers NATO a chance to help the world deal with piracy in collaboration with the agencies and nation-states. Expanding Jurisdiction The NATO leadership is alive to the emerging realities and challenges of the 21st century. NATO is re-inventing itself to deal with the threats to its interests in economic and security frontier. In the last five years, NATO forces have been deployed in its largest operation in history. The alliance has trained over 150,000 police and army forces to combat ferocious insurgence in Afghanistan, which is more than five thousand kilometers from its headquarters in Brussels.6 This is a departure from the initial objective of the Treaty and evidence of embracing global responsibility. In Balkan, there are various martial personnel devoted towards advancing firmness and amity.7 NATO ships prowl the high seas off the East African coast to combat the increasing piracy menace associated mostly with the Somali instability. Although the United States has played a vital role and close to accomplishing its mission with NATO, it remains an important partner in the role played by NATO in securing its interests globally. Its interest particularly in East Africa has been a target by terrorists who find it difficult to execute their mission in the American soil. As a result, withdrawal from the alliance in pursuit of other commitments would have dire consequenc es for the US.8 The intensive investment in training and deploying of troops to different locations further indicates the alliance membersââ¬â¢ intention to ensure that NATO continues to have a position in the global security sphere. Renewed responsibilities The rate of operation by NATO demonstrates that even though the world security setting has altered, the allianceââ¬â¢s raison dââ¬â¢etre has not. It is the continuing responsibility of transatlantic community to assist nations, the alliance and entire world in addressing the grave and frequently detached threats that endanger the world. In this view, NATO will remain a beacon of unwavering peace and liberty in Europe as was the case in the 20th century. In an address to the NATO members, the Secretary of State named Hillary Clinton informed that the alliance was being challenged by circumstances to deal with greater challenges in the history of mankind. The secretary stated that to meet the challenges the alliance neede d to renovate and fortify their partnerships.9 The challenge by the secretary was positively received by the 28 leaders of the alliance. In November 2010, the leaders undertook the bold and enormous role of setting forward the vision on how the alliance through NATO would confront the security tasks of the present and the future effectively offering a future to NATO. In order to modernize and strengthen NATO, the leaders began with the development of a new Strategic Concept. The concept was launched on the platform of the initial premise offered by the earlier transatlantic visions, which included that the Transatlantic Alliance is a society of associates organized by a set of shared beliefs.10 Strategic Concept The NATO leadership realizes the need to develop a concept that will reflect on the changing security environment and reinvent the alliance to face the challenges of the 21st century and beyond. The strategy is composed of two fundamental and sturdy pillars. The first pillar is combined defense called the pledge (preserved in Article V of the Washington Treaty) meant to react to the aggression touching one as aggression touching all. With the Balkans and neighboring countries joining the alliance, the responsibility of NATO has been increasing despite the fact that the region does not face immediate threat.11 The collective defense precept means that NATO will remain an essential alternative in case of imminent threats. The second pillar of the alliance is co-operative security. The leaders appreciate that security issues need to be addressed proactively as opposed to being ready and reacting to threats that may ensue. Such cooperation is particularly important for the security agencies. The agencies need to work in tandem and synergically to forecast probable security scenarios.12 In implementing the strategic plan of the alliance leadership, NATO has in the last two decades been extending the ideology of partnership. Observably, the scope and value o f the allianceââ¬â¢s partnership has remarkably improved. This has enabled NATO to increase its presence in the global security arena. In an array of ways, NATO is regaining its relevance in the international security community through renewed commitment to partnering with compatible countries and security agencies on shared security concerns. This approach is important in differentiating the NATO of the Cold War era and subsequent years from the NATO of today. This is an affirmative leap forward for the future of NATO. The partnerships have enabled NATO to correctly construct the right competences, logistical and structural capacity in addressing security concerns of the present and the future.13 With the strategic concept in place, nations inside and outside the transatlantic zone are regaining their confidence in NATO. In recent years, NATO in collaboration with likeminded countries effectively created a no-go-zone in Libya that culminated in the ouster and consequent killing of one of the Africaââ¬â¢s most intimidating autocratic President called Muammar Gaddafi. This demonstrated that NATO still has a role to play in enhancing global security. Without the intervention of NATO, the war propagated against civilians would have spilled to the neighboring countries and probably to the entire African continent. The dismantling of piracy cartels along the coast of East Africa signifies that NATO still has a future. It has a role in stabilizing diverse world locations. Unique capability for security organization The parties that are members of the transatlantic alliance possess huge economic, political and military potential. With the largest percentage of its military and structural organization being funded by the worldââ¬â¢s most influential economy, NATO has a unique capability for organizing security and operating in any environment through the marshaling of influential forces. This means that like-minded countries are keen to ensure that NATO remai ns as a partner in global security issues. While the security setting has altered significantly, the core ideals, the roles of collective defense and cooperative security, as well as the shared capabilities continue to be the essential basis of the alliance.14 With more countries around the world sensing the increasing threats from different corners including terrorism, the role of NATO will become relevant and necessary in future. These countries will be willing to assist and cooperate with NATO to improve security. They will offer financial and military support to the alliance. The departure of the US from the alliance will have an impact on NATO, but countries which feel that being affiliated with NATO is beneficial to their security will join efforts to fit in the US position in the alliance.15 Organizational structures Strategic Concept adopted by NATO leadership with a global aspect with the transatlantic zone acting as a security hub indicates that shareholders in the securit y region are keen to actualize the role of NATO in future. The future of sponsored organizations heavily depends on the well-wish of the partners. The suggestion by the stakeholders to realign NATO structures is a clear indication that it has a future. They are ready to investing in capabilities, training and mutual command structure that interlink the partners into a cohesive whole.16 NATO requires the assistance of security agencies and military support from outside the transatlantic region to avert security threats emanating from continents such as Asia and Africa propagated by terrorism networks like AL Qaeda. Such cooperation will ensure that the endeavors as envisaged in Article V are attained.17 The restructuring to involve international players is an indication that it has a future full of responsibilities that require distribution of responsibilities.18 New capabilities The United States has for decades played a dominant role in NATO. It has committed its economic and milit ary power to the preservation of peace, stability and security in Europe after the destructions of the Second World War.19 The termination of cold war, the downfall of the Berlin Wall and the breakdown of Warsaw Pact obligated NATO to discover a new responsibility to remain relevant in the eyes of the sponsors. By the end of the 20th century, the welfares of the US in the European continent had been entrenched firmly on irreversibility. Economically, Europe provides a rich market for the United States. The US economy will not succeed without an affluent Europe and vice versa. Although majority of the alliance members are cutting on defense spending, withdrawal of funding by the US as having accomplished its mission within NATO poses a major threat to the security and economies of the two continents and the world in general.20 NATO is a major conduit for the US in Europe hence Americaââ¬â¢s withdrawal and ââ¬Ëreturning homeââ¬â¢ is ill-advised with dire consequences. For all intents and purposes, the US is virtually a member of the European Union without formally stating so in the treaty.21 There are strong indications from President Barrack Obama administration that the US is committed to fight emerging security threats through NATO. The fight against terrorism is complex.22 It requires expert approach. NATO offers sufficient expertise to execute the responsibility consequently earning a future in global security responsibilities. Given the history of NATO, it is easy to build new capabilities through it as opposed to establishing an entirely new organization. In this view, having accomplished the mission in Europe, it is the interest of the US for NATO to advance geographically as threats become spread outside Europe but with the same impact as if the threats were directly emanating from Europe. The EU has made significant steps in ensuring that the presence of the United States is not far-reaching. The countries have grown militarily and politically in leaps and bounds. They now have the capacity to stand on their own without essentially having the US partake in main or trivial roles.23 The European countries now admit that peacekeeping in the continent is their key responsibility. However, the economic interests of the US in Europe do not allow it to withdraw from the continent in totality. To safeguard its interests in Europe, the US will have to engage the services of NATO. This is yet another reason why NATO has a role to play in future. The US will employ the tactic of retrenching from Europe in a setting that it remains a partner and can send its military as well as offer support but cease running the show and bearing the risks. As has been the case in the recent years, the US will continue to expand the NATO mandate to other global locations to safeguard its interests. The US engagement with NATO will increase irrespective of the security environment and the funding will most likely increase. However, the engagement wit h Europe will be based on the needs of military backing. Irrespective of the need for backing, the US will ensure that NATO is well funded to effectively handle any unpredicted security threat. The US appears to continuously underline the criticality of subsidizing NATO activities and tackling 10-vital competencies. Key among these capabilities is warhead defense, computer-generated and civil-military cooperation. This approach in altering and increasing the responsibility of NATO while the leading sponsor gives it a future full of global responsibilities in countering threats as opposed to being restricted to transatlantic roles. ââ¬Å"The 21st century dangers of extremism, the spread of weapons of mass destruction and cybercrime further justify the continuity of NATO into the future.â⬠24 The non-member countries require to be assured by NATO that despite their non-membership to the alliance, NATO will reciprocate assistance when needed in order to maintain global peace and s ecurity. In this respect, NATO needs to review its objectives with a clear consideration of the changing security environment since the contemporary threats extend beyond ââ¬Ëarmed aggressionââ¬â¢ as described in Article V. This way, the countries will give NATO logistic, military and financial support, and an operational future. America would readily approve such a move. Inevitability, the US is focusing its attention from the transatlantic region to combat contemporary threats of terrorism and cybercrime that mainly originate from the Middle East, Africa and Asia. NATOââ¬â¢s failure to embrace increasing global security responsibility will likely see the US losing interest in investing in the allianceââ¬â¢s future with NATO.25 NATO should partner with likeminded countries to effectively execute its global security mandate such as Australia and Japan. When such non-member countries provide significant military support, they should form part of the operative planning pro cedures even though they have no vote in the considerations.26 This way, NATO will have a busy future with mandate beyond that stipulated in the Treaty and particularly Article V. Conclusions and recommendations The future of NATO is increasingly challenged by social, economic and political factors. The future of the alliance is gradually being influenced by the diminishing security threats in the European continent. The stability and diffusion of threats has been facilitated by NATO which has played a central role for decades. The end of cold war, the collapse of the Berlin Wall and stability in the region has placed NATO in a paradox as to what role it should play having accomplished its initial mission of collective defense and security cooperation. Additionally, European countries are increasingly becoming militarily independent. Most countries in the regions have attained military capacity to defend their homeland from external aggression. The threats that had brought the count ries together in an alliance have significantly decreased. The threats are spread to other global locations. This waters-down the role of NATO in the transatlantic region. However, the future of NATO is still promising given the changing security environment. In order to maintain its relevance, NATO, its members and leaderships require adapting to the current and emerging security threats of the 21st century. The leadership and members of the alliance should seek ways to restructure NATO command to accommodate membership with a global representation. The dangers that are likely to threaten the transatlantic alliance will emerge from outside the region. The move by NATO to increase its security surveillance in Africa, Middle East and the coasts off East Africa is commendable but it requires increasing its presence to the global arena. It is also imperative for NATO to combine its identity of ââ¬Ëdefensive allianceââ¬â¢ with ââ¬Ëinstrument of interventionââ¬â¢ in Europe an d afar. In view of the ongoing crisis in Syria, it is evident that the US is a key player in NATO. The Barrack Obama administration has neglected the humanitarian crisis in Syria by refusing to offer extra funding to NATO. Evidently, the departure of the US from NATO will create a global crisis in security. It should hence be the responsibility of NATO leadership to ensure that the relationship between the US and the transatlantic alliance remains intact. The members should, therefore, commit to funding NATOââ¬â¢s operations to avert security threats that may spill to the region. Currently, the US population feels that the alliance members have neglected their responsibility by cutting on military funding thus effectively leaving the US taxpayer to bear the burden. Despite these circumstances, NATO still has a future in combating emerging global security threats. BROOK, Tom. NATO Still has a Vital Role, Secretary General says. March 2013 [cited 29 January 2014]. Available from W orld Wide Web usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/09/25/nato-anders-fogh-rasmussen/2870679/. CURTIN, Mary. The Role of NATO in Todayââ¬â¢s World. August 2013. [cited 29 January 2014]. Available from World Wide Web startribune.com/opinion/commentaries/211628261.html. Daadler, I. A New Alliance for a New Century. The RUSI Journal, 2010, vol. 155 no. 5, p. 6-10. ERLANGER, Steven. Shrinking Europe Military Spending Stirs Concern. January 2013. [cited 29 January 2014]. Available from World Wide Web nytimes.com/2013/04/23/world/europe/europes-shrinking-military-spending-under-scrutiny.html?pagewanted=all. Goldgeier, J. The Future of NATO. Council on Foreign Relations, 2010, vol. 51,no. 1, p. 1-33. Hallams, E. Benjamin, S. Towards a ââ¬ËPost-Americanââ¬â¢ Alliance? NATO Burden-Sharing after Libya. International Affairs, 2012, vol. 88, no. 2, p. 313ââ¬â327. KARL, Kaiser. Does NATO Have a Future? For Better or for Worse. March 2008. [cited 29 January 2014]. Available from World Wide Web spiegel.de/international/europe/does-nato-have-a-future-for-better-or-for-worse-a-557914.html. Kashmeri, Sarwar. NATO: Reboot or Delete? Washington, D.C: Potomac Books, Inc., 2011. Print. MANEA, Octavian. Lord Ismay, Restated. February 2010. [cited 29 January 2014]. Available from World Wide Web http://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/lord-ismay-restated. Michaels, J. NATO after Libya. The RUSI Journal, 2011, vol. 156, no. 6, p. 56-61. NATO Public Diplomacy Division. A Short History of NATO. PDF file [online]. 2012-[cited 2014-01-29]. nato.int/nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_publications/20120412_ShortHistory_en.pdf. NATO Public Diplomacy Division. In NATO Handbook [online]. Brussels (Belgium): NATO Public Diplomacy Division, 2006-[cited 2014-01-29]. NATO Public Diplomacy Division. In NATO in Focus. PDF file [online]. 2012-[cited 2014-01-29]. nato.int/nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_publications/1303-nato_in_focus-en.pdf. NATO Public Diplomacy Division. In Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization [online]. 2010-[cited 2014-01-29]. nato.int/nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_publications/20120214_strategic-concept-2010-eng.pdf. STRATCON10EN / 1959-10. NESNERA, Andre. NATO/US Role. June 2013. [cited 29 January 2014]. Available from World Wide Web fas.org/man/nato/news/1999/990426-nato.htm Pachoud, Jeff. Has NATO Outlived its Usefulness? France: Agence France Press, 2013, Print. Racius, E. Lithuania in the NATO Mission in Afghanistan: Between Idealism and Pragmatism. Luthuanian Annual Strategic Review, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 187-207. Rostoks, T. Baltic States and NATO: Looking Beyond the Article V. Strategic and Defence Studies, vol. 4, no. 44, p. 1-12. Simon, Jeffrey. The Future of the Alliance: Is Demography Destiny? Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2010. Print. Yost, D. NATOââ¬â¢s Evolving Purposes and the Next Strategic Concept. International Affairs, vol. 86, no. 2, p. 489-522. Footnotes 1 NATO Public Diplomacy Division, NATO Handbook. 2 Manea, O., Lord Ismay, Restated, p. 1. 3 Daadler, I., A New Alliance for a New Century, p. 6. 4 Daadler, I., A New Alliance for a New Century, p. 6. 5 Daadler, I., A New Alliance for a New Century, p. 6. 6 Racius, E., Lithuania in the NATO Mission in Afghanistan: Between Idealism and Pragmatism, P. 188. 7 Rostoks, T., Baltic States and NATO: Looking Beyond the Article V, p. 2. 8 Kashmeri, S., NATO: Reboot or Delete? p. 48. 9 Daadler, I., A New Alliance for a New Century, p. 7. 10 Kashmeri, S., NATO: Reboot or Delete? p.56. 11 Yost, D., NATOââ¬â¢s Evolving Purposes and the Next Strategic Concept, p. 491. 12 Pachoud, J., Has NATO Outlived its Usefulness? p. 3. 13 Simon, J., The Future of the Alliance: Is Demography Destiny? p. 201. 14 Curtin, M., The Role of NATO in Todayââ¬â¢s World, p. 1. 15 Pachoud, J., Has NATO Outlived its Usefulness? p. 4. 16 Curtin, M., The Role of NATO in Todayââ¬â¢s World, p. 1. 17 Michaels, J., NATO after Libya , p. 58. 18 Karl, K., Does NATO Have a Future? For Better or for Worse, p. 1. 19 Nesnera, A., NATO/US Role, p. 1. 20 Erlanger, S., Shrinking Europe Military Spending Stirs Concern, p. 1. 21 Brook, T., NATO Still has a Vital Role, Secretary General says, p. 1. 22 Michaels, J., NATO after Libya, p. 59. 23 Nesnera, A., NATO/US Role, p. 1. 24 Goldgeier, J., The Future of NATO, p. 4. 25 Hallams E. Benjamin, S., Towards a ââ¬ËPost-Americanââ¬â¢ Alliance? NATO Burden-Sharing after Libya, p. 320. 26 Hallams E. Benjamin, S., Towards a ââ¬ËPost-Americanââ¬â¢ Alliance? NATO Burden-Sharing after Libya, p. 320. Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-60135179571736086172019-11-22T05:08:00.001-08:002019-11-22T05:08:04.460-08:00Message Passing Interface - not a title just area EssayMessage Passing Interface - not a title just area - Essay Example The MPI specification results from an MPI-Forum that entails several standards upon a movable system. Additionally, the standard is not specific on the explicit joint-memory processes, explicit support, and debugging facilities. The argument is that procedures proposed and established to increase the standard of implementation of the MPI in highly performing clusters like the Gigabit Ethernet and InfiniBand are useful in programming of parallel appliances; most clustersââ¬â¢ demonstration critically depend on the communication presentation of the routines provided by the library of the MPI. Historical Context and Development The message passing interface work started in 1991when a group of researchers began deliberations at a certain retreat in Austria. In another workshop, there were discussions on the Standards for Message Passing within an environment of Distributed Memory Environment in Virginia in 1992. During the workshop, there was a debate on the primary traits vital to a typical message-passing interface and a functional group created to commence the process of standardization (Gropp, Ewing & Anthony 1999, P. 27). Drafting of an introductory draft preceded this process in the same year, as a proposal to the project by three researchers. This was the MPI1. Thereafter, an assembly of the MPI team was conducted in Minneapolis. The working group of the MPI met frequently in 1993, and it comprised of people commonly from America and Europe. The standard of the MPI describes the semantics and syntax of a principal of library practices beneficial to many users drafting programs on portable message passing in C and Fortran (Gropp, Ewing & Anthony 2007, P. 790). In an effort to establish a real platform for message passing, the researchers integrated the most expedient traits of a number of systems into MPI as opposed to choosing one system to assume as a standard. Attributes were utilized from p4, Express, IBM, Intel, and PVM among other systems. Currently, the message-passing standard is striking due to its wide portability. It can thus be used in conveying messages for shared memory and distributed memory networks, multiprocessors, and a mixture of these rudiments (Foster & Nicholas 1988, P. 4). Application of the paradigm exists in several settings, regardless of memory planning or network speed. Critical Analysis of Current Trend The output of the plan for implementing an MPI presents crucial issues for computing systems of high performance. This especially applies for more progressive processor technological systems. Consequently, benchmarking the implementation of MPI on multi-core designs can be measured by ascertaining the Open MPI combined communication performance on the Gigabit Ethernet, as well as the infiniBand group, using SKaMPI (Ismail, et al 2013, P. 455). In the past years, clusters have developed into key architecture engaged for computing systems of high performance. The emergent style of the use of clusters as Hig h Performance Computing has led to numerous research in the discipline, especially in the standard method used for communicating between nodes (Gropp, Ewing & Anthony 1999, P. 29). Another significant factor which can impact the performance of communication of clusters is the clusters interconnect. Slower interconnects are capable of slowing down processes. The preferable cluster interconnect has to offer non-blocking inter-connect architecture and low dormancy great Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-52233316744114229152019-11-20T20:33:00.001-08:002019-11-20T20:33:05.730-08:00(Consumer behavior) Critically discuss the barriers associated with Essay(Consumer behavior) Critically discuss the barriers associated with perceived risk in decision-making processes for the chosen - Essay Example The company may instigate customer interest by creating a website which maps the development of the product as Toyota had done before the launch of Prius. Also creating online brochures and e-marketing are ways to reach more customers. Discussion The barriers associated with perceived risk in decision-making processes Petrol-electric hybrid cars are launched as alternatives to conventional, internal combustion engine cars. The hybrid automobiles are aimed at achieving higher economy of fuel by combining a conventional engine with a rechargeable battery. The fuel economy of hybrid cars are important in todayââ¬â¢s world in perspective to the climatic changes as well is because of the concerns of energy security. The use of petrol-electric hybrid cars causes almost half of the carbon dioxide emissions petrol consumed in conventional fuel cars. Hybrid cars are capturing an increasing share of the domestic automobile (The New York Times, 2007, p.2). Though hybrid cars are not widely i ntegrated into the market still it is a growing range of product and can be successfully used to combat energy and ecological issues. Therefore, it is vital to know the main influencing factors which influence the decision making process of a customer in buying a hybrid car. Some factors are similar to those arising in the acceptance of a new technology by the consumer market. In consumer behaviour, the choice of a product depends on a varying number of factors. In the case of choosing an automobile for buying, customer decision making is a high involvement and often quite complicated process. An automobile, though being a product for regular use, it comes under a product category which is rarely bought and bought after an intricate evaluation process followed by the customer. Also, a car is expensive, a certain range of automobiles come under the premium products category and a number of alternative brands and types can be found in the market. Additionally, the customer has the per ceived risk of not choosing the perfect automobile to suit his needs and having to bear a huge cost to rectify the mistake and cars being an investment for a long time, consumers show the trend of having a more complex and long process of decision making. The consumer decision making process involves both intrinsic and extrinsic methods (The Wall Street Journal, 2009). Mostly, hybrid cars are seen to be purchased for social reasons and concern for environment is a lesser influential factor in the consumer decision making process. It is seen that though many people are aware of the potential damage and threats to then ecological system and want to help in balancing the environment, the willingness of the customers rarely changes into the actual buying behaviour due to the above mentioned factors that majorly influence their buying behaviour. The increase in energy prices and incomes largely and most significantly impact the buying behaviour of the consumers for the hybrid vehicles (E dwards, 2010, p. 56). Some factors like high energy consumption and Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-70675901946932299342019-11-18T23:27:00.001-08:002019-11-18T23:27:03.561-08:00Environment and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsEnvironment and Health - Essay Example Furthermore, the measures to be adopted in the future, for ensuring the sustainability of the environment of this area, have been discussed. The development of cities, across the world, has been phenomenal during the past two centuries. In 1800, the proportion of urban residents was 5%, which increased to 50% in 2000, and is projected to reach 66% in the year 2030. However, a comparatively larger increase, in the number of urban residents is expected to transpire, with regard to the developing nations. Urbanisation is engendered by certain elements, such as industrialisation, lifestyle compulsions, and in order to circumvent political strife (Friis, 2011 , p. 11). During the latter half of the 1990s, it became evident that the ââ¬Ëhealth for allââ¬â¢ initiative was not going to emerge successful, by the year 2000. This resulted in the renewal of the policy strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO). This renewed policy strategy was accorded minimal attention by the national governments. At that juncture, another issue was identified, which was being recognised as being correlated to issues of health. This issue was the deterioration of the environment. In order to address the issue of environmental harm, governments participated in the Rio Earth Summit. During the meeting, Agenda 21 was formed, which constituted a plan for sustainable development. (Sim & McKee, 2011, p. 5). On 25 November 2011, the Canterbury City Council declared an Air Quality Management Area (Canterbury City Council, 2011). It encompassed 17 streets of Canterbury. The first of these areas had been designated in the year 2006. The law mandates the declaration of such areas, whenever the air pollution of that area violates the objectives of air quality. This region has become home to severe air pollution. As is well known, air pollution is extremely harmful to health (Abreu, 2012). Several research works, such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of 2005, established Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-80709208334258005442019-11-16T11:59:00.001-08:002019-11-16T11:59:03.208-08:00Study of the mind and brain Essay Example for Free Study of the mind and brain Essay Just as parents are to the children at home, so are the teachers also to be in the schools. They should assist in the welfare of the children. They should bring them up psychologically, mentally and in all areas of life. As a teacher, it is expected of him or her to draw close to the students one-on-one to know their individual capabilities and to help them harness their potential to the maximum. A teacher must be keen and observant knowing the times when learning in students is at its peak and then utilize the opportunities. Man as an entity is a visual being. He finds it easier to recollect what he sees because of the impression it etches upon his mind for remembrance. It has been researched and found out that classical music serves as a form of enhancement of the brain. Looking at the integration of the brain and the mind, it is important to note that the analytical ability of the student is enhanced. It widens the inherent ability of the mind opening up the student to limited possibilities of knowledge and understanding. The inquisitiveness of such student in knowing the nitty-gritty and application of the principle in daily life. Teachers also in order to pass across their message should gather the students together and take up practical sessions with them right from the start to the finish. This gives the student the confidence to do whatever he has being taught in class. Examples of how the integration of the study of the brain with the study of the mind could positively influence student learning are: 1. Giving the students their form of expression in the classroom. Allowing for the students to take practical sessions, exposing them to large sums and structural analysis . 2. Also sitting with them in their younger ages and showing them the HOW TO and then putting them through it. Even when they miss it, they should not be rebuked . This atmosphere allows for the potential in the mind to be explored and the students can open up themselves. References: Spencer, S. (2009) Mapping the mind and brain retrieved from http://sbs. arizona. edu/insights/mind/mind. html on July 17, 2009. Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7516837068109235483.post-66582045205574676732019-11-14T00:29:00.001-08:002019-11-14T00:29:02.505-08:00Do You Have A Voice :: essays research papers Would you just stand by, as Nazis soldiers kidnapped your neighbors just because they were different? If you would, you have no voice and you need to develop one. Many people had neighbors who were taken away and killed by the Nazis. They just stood there, let it happen and did not utter a word. In the book, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by, Mark Twain, it shows the development of a young boy, and he does develop a voice. The main character, Huckleberry Finn, is a white, southern boy expected to believe in what everyone else believes in. He does not want to be like everyone else and he changes. If you develop, or have a voice, you can make a difference. à à à à à During the story, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck plays a trick on Jim. Jim is Huck’s runaway slave friend. So, as the story goes, Huck plays a trick on Jim and Jim thinks that Huck is dead. When Jim finally realizes that Huck is not dead, he gets really angry at Huck. Jim says, “ Dat truck dah is trash; en trash is what people is dat puts dirt on de head er dey fren’s em makes ‘em ashamed.'; That line, from the story, is basically saying that Huck is trash for doing that to Jim. Then fifteen minutes later Huck goes into Jim’s wigwam and apologizes. This is showing that Huck does have a voice because any other white person from the south would not apologize to a slave. The slaves were thought of as being lower than any white person and Huck was showing that a slave as equal to him or even better than him because he went and apologized to Jim. By doing this Huck was different and developed a voice because if he had no voice he wou ld have gotten angry with Jim for calling him trash and Huck would not have apologized. à à à à à The article, that accompanied my writing assignment, is about a man named Elie Wiesel. Wiesel is a Holocaust survivor, he is an author, has won the Noble Peace Prize, and most important of all, Wiesel has a voice. Egil Aarvik, chairman of the Norwegian Noble Committee, said, “Wiesel’s mission is not to gain the world’s sympathy for the victims or the survivors. His aim is to awaken our conscience.'; With Wiesel’s focus on getting us to realize what happened during the Holocaust, he has made a voice for himself. Jerald Shipmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04020509457795172292noreply@blogger.com0